Southwestern Brown Bandicoot (Isoodon fusciventer)

Conservation status

Western Australia, WA Threatened and Priority Fauna List: Near threatened. Priority 4 (rare, near threatened) on the Western Australian priority fauna list. Priority species are not listed under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 but should be considered in assessments.

Breeding season

The seasonal breeding pattern of the Southwestern Brown Bandicoot is not recorded. Apply a year-round precautionary approach in south-western Western Australia, with local timing refined through targeted surveys and site records.

Breeding mode: Marsupial, with young developing in a pouch after birth.

Litter size: Not recorded.

Gestation period: Not recorded.

Weaning period: Not recorded.

Age at maturity: Not recorded.

Breeding place: Not recorded. No species-specific information on nests, burrows or other breeding sites is available.

Breeding frequency: Not recorded.

Breeding and activity may vary between years and locations, so use local sightings, cone-shaped diggings and pre-clearing surveys to refine timing and controls.

• Potential breeding activity, timing to be confirmed: Treat breeding as possible in every month until local evidence shows a clearer seasonal pattern.
• Dependent young, timing to be confirmed: The period when young may be dependent is not recorded, so inspect dense ground cover carefully throughout the year.
• General ground activity: Southwestern Brown Bandicoots are ground-dwelling and may be active throughout the year, particularly during early morning and evening.
• October community survey window: The annual Quenda Count is conducted on one or more days in October, preferably in the early morning or evening.
• Highest clearing risk: Because breeding and dependent young periods are not recorded, plan clearing and construction controls for potential risk in every month.

Identification: Appearance and identification

The Southwestern Brown Bandicoot is a small, ground dwelling marsupial. It is often detected from its feeding diggings rather than direct sightings, especially where vegetation is dense or animals are active around dawn and dusk.

Detailed field measurements and distinguishing features are not established in this profile. Use a suitably experienced fauna ecologist where positive identification is needed, particularly if other bandicoot species may occur nearby.

• Look for a compact, ground dwelling animal moving through low vegetation or garden cover.
• Record clear photographs where possible, without chasing or handling the animal.
• Do not rely on colour or body size alone for identification.

Identification: Calls and similar species

No species specific call is described here. The Southwestern Brown Bandicoot does not use echolocation. Similar species are not identified in this profile, so uncertain records should be checked by an experienced ecologist or submitted with photographs and location details.

Identification: Field signs

Cone shaped diggings are a recognised sign of Southwestern Brown Bandicoot activity. Diggings may be found in gardens, bush patches and other areas with suitable ground cover.

• Record the location, number and approximate freshness of diggings.
• Photograph representative diggings with a scale where practical.
• Search for direct sightings during early morning or evening activity periods.
• Treat repeated fresh signs within a proposed clearing area as evidence that further assessment is warranted.

Distribution: Australian range

The Southwestern Brown Bandicoot occurs only in south western Western Australia. The available distribution information does not define a more detailed regional boundary, so site level records should be checked against current Western Australian databases.

The species is mapped in Western Australia and is reported from south western Western Australia. No other Australian state or territory range is identified for this species.

• Check current DBCA records before clearing or construction begins.
• Record observations and signs using accurate coordinates.
• Consider nearby bushland, gardens and connected vegetation when assessing the site, not only the immediate disturbance footprint.

Distribution: Overseas range

The Southwestern Brown Bandicoot has no overseas range. It is restricted to Australia, in south western Western Australia.

Distribution: Site records

Local records can be valuable because the species may occur in modified areas, including residential gardens and parts of larger blocks. Use previous survey locations where available so that results can be compared over time.

• Review existing fauna surveys and DBCA records.
• Ask landholders about recent sightings and cone shaped diggings.
• Map records inside the work area and within adjoining vegetation.

Habitat: Areas to inspect

The Southwestern Brown Bandicoot uses terrestrial habitat and may persist in modified areas where ground cover remains available. Habitat condition can vary across a single work site, so inspect both natural vegetation and garden or landscaped areas.

Search bush patches, dense garden areas and parts of larger blocks, particularly where vegetation provides continuous cover close to the ground. Urban sprawl and loss of natural habitat are recognised pressures.

• Native bushland and remnant vegetation.
• Dense garden beds and vegetated backyards.
• Edges between bushland and cleared areas.
• Vegetated links between larger habitat patches.
• Low cover around the proposed clearing footprint.

Habitat: Habitat assessment

The species specific requirements of vegetation type, soil and landform are not well resolved in this profile. Describe the site carefully rather than assuming that a small or disturbed area is unsuitable.

• Map dense ground cover and areas of habitat fragmentation.
• Record nearby roads, fences, drains, buildings and cleared gaps.
• Identify whether animals can move between the work area and adjoining vegetation.
• Retain habitat features where practicable during site planning.

Habitat: Survey area and timing

A community survey area of approximately 50 m by 50 m is used for quenda observations. For project surveys, set the search area to cover the disturbance footprint and adjoining habitat that may be affected.

• Survey in the early morning or evening, when quendas are most active.
• Use the same search area on repeat visits where possible.
• Record zero sightings as well as positive records.
• Record the time spent actively searching, including when no animal is seen.

Foraging habitat: Foraging areas to check

The available species profile does not describe the Southwestern Brown Bandicoot's diet or specific foraging vegetation. Field assessment should therefore focus on evidence of use, especially fresh diggings in areas with suitable ground cover.

Inspect soil and leaf litter beneath dense vegetation, in garden beds, along bush edges and within connected ground cover. These locations can retain signs even when animals are not seen.

• Search for cone shaped diggings in soft soil and leaf litter.
• Inspect the edges of tracks, clearings and garden beds without disturbing the ground unnecessarily.
• Record whether signs are fresh, weathered or repeated across the site.
• Map concentrated areas of activity before machinery enters the site.

Foraging habitat: Diet and feeding signs

A specific diet is not stated in this profile. Do not infer food resources from a digging alone. Describe the substrate, vegetation cover and other site features associated with each sign.

• Photograph representative feeding signs.
• Record ground cover, leaf litter and soil condition around the sign.
• Use repeated observations to identify areas of regular activity.
• Avoid filling, grading or compacting active sign areas before assessment.

Foraging habitat: Work planning

Where active signs occur within the footprint, have a fauna ecologist review the area before clearing or excavation. Retain connected cover where possible and keep disturbance to the smallest practical area.

• Mark active sign areas for the site crew.
• Brief operators and spotter catchers on the appearance of cone shaped diggings.
• Inspect the work area again after breaks in clearing or construction.
• Report injured, trapped or displaced animals to the project fauna supervisor.

Breeding habitat: Potential breeding areas

Detailed information on breeding timing, nests, litters and breeding places is not established in this profile. During works, treat dense concealed ground cover and any area repeatedly used by the species as potentially sensitive until checked.

Look for undisturbed ground cover within bush patches, gardens and larger blocks. The species specific form of its breeding place is not defined here, so avoid relying on a single nest or burrow feature when assessing risk.

• Inspect dense vegetation and concealed ground level areas before clearing.
• Retain suitable cover outside the immediate work area where practicable.
• Do not place spoil, materials or equipment over areas with fresh activity.
• Seek ecological advice before removing dense cover that contains repeated signs.

Breeding habitat: Breeding information

Breeding months, litter size, gestation and weaning information are not specified in this profile. Plan works on the assumption that dependent young may be present when suitable habitat is disturbed.

• Use pre clearing checks before each new disturbance area.
• Stop and contact the fauna supervisor if a nest, young animal or dependent female is found.
• Do not separate a female from young or move animals without approved fauna handling procedures.
• Record the location and circumstances of any breeding related find.

Breeding habitat: Pre clearing controls

A fauna ecologist should inspect areas of dense cover immediately before clearing. Use staged clearing where feasible so animals have an opportunity to move into retained habitat, while avoiding pushing animals towards roads or active machinery.

• Define the clearing boundary clearly.
• Check the work area and likely refuge areas before machinery starts.
• Use a qualified fauna spotter catcher during clearing where required by the project approval or risk assessment.
• Maintain a clear incident and animal observation record.

Sheltering habitat: Shelter features to inspect

Specific sheltering and roosting structures are not described for the Southwestern Brown Bandicoot. As a ground dwelling mammal, it should be assessed in relation to low, concealed cover and safe movement through the site.

Inspect dense ground vegetation, leaf litter, garden cover and connected bush edges. Record the cover condition and any signs of regular use rather than assuming that open ground is the only relevant habitat.

• Dense low vegetation.
• Leaf litter and concealed ground surfaces.
• Bushland edges and garden vegetation.
• Uncleared links between habitat patches.
• Areas protected from regular vehicle movement and disturbance.

Sheltering habitat: Movement and refuge

The species may occur in urban settings, so shelter can be present close to houses, roads and construction areas. Map potential refuge areas outside the footprint and identify hazards that could block movement or funnel animals towards traffic.

• Check fences, trenches, pits and other potential entrapment points.
• Cover or ramp open excavations when unattended.
• Keep access to retained vegetation clear of stored materials.
• Use temporary exclusion or fauna control measures only under ecological direction.

Sheltering habitat: Handling and relocation

No species specific relocation guidance is set out here. Do not capture or relocate an animal unless this is authorised and managed by an appropriately qualified person under the project's fauna procedures.

• Contact the fauna supervisor for any animal found in the clearing zone.
• Minimise handling time and stress.
• Keep domestic cats and dogs away from fauna work areas.
• Record the animal's location, condition, action taken and release location where relevant.

Threats: Clearing and fragmentation

The main site risks are habitat loss and fragmentation, introduced predators, vehicle strikes and disturbance associated with urban growth. Management should focus on avoiding unnecessary clearing, protecting connected cover and detecting animals before machinery starts.

Removal of bushland, garden cover or habitat links can reduce available habitat and isolate animals. Fragmentation is a particular concern where small patches are separated by roads, buildings or broad cleared areas.

• Minimise the clearing footprint.
• Retain dense cover and links to adjoining habitat where practicable.
• Fence and mark retained vegetation before works begin.
• Prevent incidental clearing, vehicle access and material storage in retained areas.

Threats: Cats and dogs

Introduced predators, including pet cats and dogs, are recognised threats. Construction compounds and residential interfaces can increase encounters with domestic animals.

• Keep site dogs under effective control and exclude them from fauna habitat.
• Use secure waste storage to avoid attracting predators.
• Inform nearby residents about fauna protection where appropriate.
• Report injured animals and suspected predation promptly.

Threats: Vehicles and machinery

Vehicle strikes can occur on roads, access tracks and within large work areas. Animals may be difficult to see in low vegetation, particularly during early morning and evening activity periods.

• Apply low speed controls in habitat and access areas.
• Brief drivers and operators before work starts.
• Use a fauna spotter catcher during high risk clearing activities where required.
• Inspect roads and the work area for injured or dead fauna and record incidents.

Threats: Disease and construction disturbance

Disease is also identified as a threat. Clearing, noise, vibration, excavation and loss of cover can increase stress and expose animals to additional hazards.

• Keep disturbance within approved boundaries.
• Use clean equipment when moving between sites where disease transfer is a risk.
• Avoid leaving trenches, pits or stockpiles open and unmanaged.
• Continue monitoring after clearing, especially where active signs were recorded before works.

Survey methodology: 1. Desktop assessment

Southwestern Brown Bandicoots are small, ground-dwelling marsupials that can be difficult to see. Use a combination of direct observations, signs and remote cameras, with effort suited to the size and risk of the site.

Confirm whether the project is within the species’ known range in south-western Western Australia. Check DBCA records, recent local surveys, habitat mapping and previous records from the site and nearby bushland.

Map remnant vegetation, dense understorey, connected habitat, drainage lines, gardens and other areas that may provide cover. Identify roads, pets, predator activity and proposed clearing boundaries.

• Obtain current DBCA advice where the site may support a Priority 4 population.
• Treat nearby records and cone-shaped diggings as a reason for targeted field survey, even where the animal is not seen.
• Review the construction footprint, access tracks, laydown areas and indirect disturbance zones.

Survey methodology: 2. Field detection

Survey during the early morning or evening, when quendas are more likely to be active. October is suitable for community counts, and the same timing can help compare results between years.

Inspect the ground for cone-shaped diggings, tracks, scats, runways and dense shelter. Search gardens, bush patches and connected vegetation as well as the development footprint.

Use remote cameras at likely movement routes, feeding areas and dense cover where direct detection is unlikely. Use cage trapping only where authorised, necessary and supervised by suitably experienced personnel.

• Survey the same area where possible. A 50 m by 50 m area is used for the Shire of Mundaring community count.
• For a simple observation count, complete one count, or up to three counts in one week, with 1 to 2 days between counts.
• Use an observation period of at least 15 minutes, or longer where the risk and site size justify more effort.
• Set survey effort around weather, access, habitat and the proposed disturbance, rather than relying on a single short visit.

Survey methodology: 3. Recording and interpretation

Record every animal seen, the observation time, weather, location, habitat, behaviour and whether young are present. Record zero detections and the time spent searching.

Map all sightings, diggings, camera detections and other signs. Photograph representative signs with a scale and record the observer and survey conditions.

Do not count the same animal twice. Treat signs as evidence of use, but confirm their identity where other bandicoots or similar fauna may occur.

• Record survey dates, start and finish times, personnel, methods, equipment and areas searched.
• Record predators, domestic cats and dogs, roadkill, disease signs, fire, weeds, rubbish and habitat disturbance.
• Retain camera images, trap sheets, field maps and GPS locations with the project fauna records.

Before habitat disturbance: 1. Approvals and permits

Avoid clearing occupied habitat wherever practicable. The species is listed as Priority 4 in Western Australia, so survey, impact assessment and ongoing monitoring should be scaled to the quality of habitat and the size of the proposed disturbance.

Confirm the current conservation status and approval requirements before works begin. Seek advice from DBCA where a Priority 4 animal or its habitat may be affected.

Check whether the action may affect a matter protected under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Make an EPBC referral if the relevant legal tests are met.

Use only personnel with the required state authorisations for fauna survey, trapping, handling, relocation and rehabilitation. Follow Western Australian wildlife and animal welfare requirements.

• For projects in Queensland, check whether the animal is treated as protected wildlife and whether interference with a breeding place requires a Species Management Program. This species is mapped in Western Australia, so confirm that the Queensland provisions apply before relying on them.
• Obtain any DBCA or other state permits before trapping, handling, relocating or collecting the animal.
• Include permit conditions, fauna procedures and stop-work requirements in the construction environmental management plan.

Before habitat disturbance: 2. Avoidance and site controls

Redesign the footprint where possible to retain dense understorey, connected vegetation and sheltered ground habitat. Keep machinery, materials and vehicle movements out of retained habitat.

Fence and mark no-go areas before clearing. Keep access tracks and laydown areas within approved boundaries.

Use a project-specific buffer around records, dense shelter and habitat retained for the species. Set the buffer with the project ecologist and approval conditions, because a general distance is not supported for this species.

• Prevent domestic dogs and cats from entering the work area.
• Control weeds and rubbish before they increase cover for predators or obstruct fauna movement.
• Use low-impact lighting and direct lights away from retained vegetation and movement routes.

Before habitat disturbance: 3. Pre-clearance survey

Complete a targeted pre-clearance inspection shortly before works, after the exclusion fencing is installed and before vegetation is disturbed. Search the footprint, edges, stockpiles and likely shelter areas.

Use cameras or additional searches where habitat is dense, the species has been recorded, or the first inspection is inconclusive. The species’ breeding timing is poorly documented, so do not assume that a particular month is free of dependent young.

Ask the fauna spotter catcher to check for animals, dependent young, nests or other shelter before each clearing stage.

• Schedule works in daylight where practicable, with the lowest practical noise and traffic levels.
• Stop and reassess if fresh diggings, an animal, a nest or dependent young are found.
• Brief all workers on the species’ appearance, cone-shaped diggings, exclusion areas, speed limits and the stop-work process.

Before habitat disturbance: 4. Crew induction

Give every worker a short fauna induction before entering the site. Explain that the animal may shelter in dense ground cover and may move slowly or remain hidden during clearing.

Nominate the fauna spotter catcher and provide their contact details to supervisors and machine operators.

Make the spotter catcher’s authority to stop work clear in the site induction and daily pre-start.

• Show workers the approved clearing limits and fauna exclusion areas.
• Require immediate reporting of sightings, injuries, trapped animals, nests and possible breeding places.
• Keep a clean, quiet holding area and suitable transport equipment available if handling is authorised.

During habitat disturbance: 1. Sequential clearing

Clear in stages and give animals an opportunity to move into retained habitat. The fauna spotter catcher must control the fauna response and stop work whenever an animal, dependent young or possible breeding place is at risk.

Clear from the edge towards retained habitat, using small stages rather than removing all cover at once. Allow animals to move away from machinery and keep escape routes open.

Remove non-habitat materials and rubbish before vegetation where this can be done safely. Inspect each stage before machinery enters.

Do not force an animal into open ground, towards roads, water-filled excavations or areas occupied by predators.

• Keep machinery speeds low and use a spotter catcher in the active clearing zone.
• Pause work between stages to inspect disturbed ground, felled vegetation and remaining cover.
• Do not burn, mulch or bury vegetation until the fauna inspection is complete.

During habitat disturbance: 2. Animal handling and breeding places

Only an authorised and competent person may catch, handle, transport or release a Southwestern Brown Bandicoot. Avoid handling unless it is needed for safety, welfare or an approved relocation.

If an animal with young, a nest, a den or another possible breeding place is found, stop work in the immediate area. Protect the location from people, machinery, vibration and weather exposure.

Obtain advice from the project ecologist and the relevant wildlife authority before disturbing a breeding place. Follow any permit, approval or species management program conditions.

• Do not remove a nest or shelter by hand unless directed by the authorised fauna professional.
• Keep observers and equipment away from the animal and provide quiet cover where safe.
• Record the location, habitat, condition of the animal, action taken and approving authority.

During habitat disturbance: 3. Injured or trapped animals

Stop work and keep people, machinery, dogs and vehicles away. Do not give food or water unless directed by a wildlife carer or veterinarian.

Contact the nominated wildlife carer, veterinarian or wildlife authority and follow their instructions. Use a secure, ventilated container only when directed and when the handler is authorised.

If an animal is trapped in an excavation, drain or pipe, prevent further falls and arrange safe removal by the fauna professional.

• Record the exact location and circumstances of the incident.
• Use gloves and appropriate hygiene controls as directed by the fauna professional.
• Do not release an injured animal without veterinary or wildlife carer advice.

During habitat disturbance: 4. Records and stop-work events

Keep a fauna register throughout clearing. Record sightings, captures, injuries, deaths, relocations, breeding places, stop-work events and clearance stages.

Photograph animals and signs only where this can be done without causing additional stress. Record GPS locations, habitat, weather, personnel and times.

The fauna spotter catcher should sign off each cleared stage before the supervisor releases machinery to continue.

• Report any death, injury, unauthorised handling, breeding-place disturbance or work outside the approved footprint immediately.
• Escalate incidents under the project approval and environmental management plan.
• Update the risk assessment if repeated detections occur or animals do not move into retained habitat.

After habitat disturbance: 1. Post-clearance checks

Post-clearance checks confirm that no animal has been left in the work area and that controls worked as intended. Monitoring should focus on retained habitat, movement connections and any location used for relocation.

Inspect the cleared area, vegetation piles, trenches, pipes, pits, drains and temporary fencing before the area is handed to construction. Search for live or injured animals, tracks, diggings and sheltering animals.

Check the site again after major changes in ground level, drainage, fencing or access. Keep excavations covered or ramped where fauna could enter.

Remove fauna hazards promptly, including open pipes, unsecured pits, waste, netting and temporary stockpiles.

• Complete checks at the end of each clearing stage and before demobilising fauna personnel.
• Record the date, time, area inspected, observer, findings and corrective action.
• Maintain exclusion fencing until the ecologist confirms that it can be removed safely.

After habitat disturbance: 2. Relocated animals

Release a relocated animal only at an approved nearby site with suitable cover, connectivity and protection from immediate construction hazards. The release location and method must be approved under the relevant permit or plan.

Avoid releasing animals into isolated patches, active work areas, roadsides, areas with domestic predators or habitat that cannot support them.

Record the animal’s condition, identification if used, capture and release locations, transport time, release time and follow-up observations.

• Use the shortest practical transport time and keep the container cool, quiet and secure.
• Do not repeatedly recapture or move an animal unless directed by the wildlife authority or veterinarian.
• Inspect the release area for cats, dogs, traffic and other immediate hazards before release.

After habitat disturbance: 3. Monitoring and reporting

Monitor retained habitat and relocation sites with repeat observations, signs and remote cameras where justified by the risk. Use comparable locations and methods so results can be interpreted over time.

Continue monitoring during construction where habitat edges, roads, lighting, drainage or fencing may change animal movement.

Provide a completion report to the proponent and relevant authorities as required by approvals and permits.

• Compare detections, signs, injuries and mortality with pre-clearance results.
• Report new threats such as predators, vehicle strikes, disease signs, fire, weeds or loss of cover.
• Keep monitoring records with maps, photographs, camera data, incident forms and corrective actions.

After habitat disturbance: 4. Incident review

Review every injury, death, breeding-place disturbance, escape or repeated work stoppage. Include the spotter catcher, site supervisor and project ecologist in the review.

Identify whether the cause was poor timing, inadequate exclusion, unclear inductions, equipment failure, habitat loss or an unexpected site condition.

Change the method statement, induction, buffers or monitoring plan before the next clearing stage.

• Close out corrective actions with a named person and due date.
• Notify the relevant authority where required by a permit, approval or incident condition.
• Use lessons from the review to improve later stages and future projects.

Rehabilitation actions: 1. Habitat restoration

Rehabilitation should rebuild dense, connected ground cover and reduce the pressures associated with urban development. The detailed habitat needs of this species are not well documented, so use local reference vegetation and DBCA advice to set restoration targets.

Retain and restore native understorey, leaf litter, logs and other ground cover. Reconnect isolated patches where the project allows, especially along existing vegetation corridors.

Use local provenance plants suited to the site and protect new plantings from browsing, trampling, vehicles and domestic animals.

Stage rehabilitation as soon as areas are no longer needed for construction. Protect restored areas from later access and soil compaction.

• Remove weeds without leaving bare ground for longer than necessary.
• Control invasive predators and prevent cats and dogs from entering retained and restored habitat.
• Use erosion and sediment controls that do not create entrapment hazards or block animal movement.

Rehabilitation actions: 2. Shelter, structures and water

Southwestern Brown Bandicoots are ground-dwelling animals. Nest boxes, bat boxes, artificial nest sites and roost structures are not standard replacement structures for this species and should not be installed as a substitute for retaining ground habitat.

Where shelter is needed, restore natural ground cover and, if approved by the ecologist, retain suitable logs, woody debris and dense native vegetation. Do not place materials where they create fire, pest or access hazards.

Maintain natural drainage and avoid stagnant water, deep open drains and steep-sided pits. Provide artificial water only where directed by the ecologist, because poorly designed water points can attract predators, spread disease or create drowning hazards.

• Do not move logs, leaf litter or shelter material from retained habitat without approval.
• Keep restored vegetation connected to safe cover and away from high-speed traffic where practicable.
• Inspect any temporary fauna structures or water points regularly and remove them if they are not serving a defined purpose.

Rehabilitation actions: 3. Weeds, fire and lighting

Control weeds before they dominate the understorey, using methods that protect soil, leaf litter and native regeneration. Remove treatment carcasses and waste from the site.

Manage fire risk with the land manager and avoid broad removal of dense ground cover where it is being retained for fauna. Keep fire planning consistent with conservation and safety requirements.

Use shielded, warm and movement-sensitive lighting where lighting is required. Avoid illuminating retained vegetation, habitat corridors and release sites.

• Inspect weed control areas for injured animals before and after treatment.
• Keep chemicals, fuels and wash-down water out of retained and restored habitat.
• Repair failed revegetation promptly, especially along habitat edges and movement connections.

Rehabilitation actions: 4. Long-term monitoring

Monitor restored and retained habitat using repeat searches, records of cone-shaped diggings, remote cameras and direct observations where appropriate. Compare results with pre-clearing records and nearby reference areas.

Set the duration and frequency of monitoring through the approval, rehabilitation plan and level of impact. Increase effort if detections decline, mortality occurs or predators become active.

Use the results to adjust weed control, fencing, lighting, access, predator management and revegetation.

• Record vegetation condition, ground cover, signs, sightings, camera detections, roadkill and predator activity.
• Maintain monitoring through establishment of the understorey, not just until planting is complete.
• Report rehabilitation outcomes and unresolved risks to the land manager and relevant authority.

Sources

• isoodon-obesulus-obesulus-consultation-extension.docx, Australian Government DCCEEW: https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/env/pages/d58d895b-2ac2-4bd5-8998-778136e460e5/files/isoodon-obesulus-obesulus-consultation-extension.docx
• October Spring Quenda Count - Shire of Mundaring, Western Australian Government: https://www.mundaring.wa.gov.au/environment-waste/animals-native-and-feral/october-spring-quenda-count.aspx
• Occurrence records for the distribution map, Atlas of Living Australia: https://biocache.ala.org.au/