Mount Claro Rock Wallaby (Petrogale sharmani)

Conservation status

Commonwealth, EPBC Act 1999: Vulnerable.

Queensland, Nature Conservation Act 1992: Vulnerable.

Breeding season

The species breeds throughout the year and may be active outside rocky refuges from late afternoon or early evening. Seasonal timing is therefore less restrictive than for species with a short breeding season, and disturbance risk remains present in every month.

Months are January to December. The supplied sources do not identify a seasonal dispersal period or a month with a lower risk of harm.

• Breeding: Breeding occurs continually throughout the year. Females produce one young.
• Young: Dependent young may be present throughout the year because breeding is continuous. The young remains in the pouch for approximately 6.5 months and is weaned 2 to 3 months later.
• Movement and feeding: Individuals generally emerge at dusk or in the evening to feed in surrounding open forest and grassy woodland. Activity is mainly nocturnal in summer and may be crepuscular or partly diurnal in other months.
• Basking and daytime refuge use: Daytime shelter is provided by rocks, boulder piles and dense vegetation. In cooler months, individuals may bask on rocks in the early morning or late afternoon.
• Highest clearing risk: Risk is year round because breeding is continuous and dependent young may be present in all months. Clearing can also remove feeding habitat and movement routes outside rocky refuges.

Identification

This species is a small rock-wallaby with grey brown upperparts, sandy brown underparts and a tail that becomes almost black towards the tip. It is difficult to identify reliably from appearance alone because it is morphologically similar to the Mareeba Rock Wallaby and Allied Rock Wallaby.

The Mount Claro Rock Wallaby has grey brown fur on the back and paler sandy brown fur on the underparts and limbs. It has pale cheek stripes, sometimes a faint stripe along the middle of the head, and a sandy brown, faintly striped tail with a slight brush at the tip. The distal tail darkens to almost black.

Colour can vary with the rock substrate. The species moults in autumn, becoming predominantly grey on the back and flanks before becoming browner through the year.

Head and body: Males 49 to 53 cm; females 43.5 to 47.8 cm in the published descriptive account.

Tail: Males 50 to 53 cm; females 43.5 to 54 cm in the published descriptive account.

Weight: Males 3.3 to 4.7 kg; females 3.4 to 4.8 kg.

Identification: Distinguishing features

The species is almost indistinguishable by morphology from the nearby Mareeba Rock Wallaby and Allied Rock Wallaby. It was recognised as a separate species using genetic evidence and has no subspecies.

Do not rely on a brief visual observation for a confident identification where these related species may occur. Record photographs, location, habitat, behaviour and, where authorised, obtain genetic or other specialist confirmation.

Identification: Field signs and observation

Individuals shelter during the day and usually emerge at dusk to feed in surrounding forest or grassy woodland. In summer they are nocturnal, while in other months they may be crepuscular or partly diurnal. In cooler weather they may bask on rocks in the early morning or late afternoon.

Colonies may contain up to 40 individuals. Rocky refuges, boulder piles and repeated paths between rocks and nearby feeding areas are useful inspection points during fauna searches.

The supplied sources do not provide diagnostic measurements for tracks or scats, or species-specific descriptions of calls, nests or eyeshine. Treat small macropod tracks, scats or eyeshine as indications requiring confirmation rather than as definitive records.

Distribution: National range

The Mount Claro Rock Wallaby is endemic to a small part of north eastern Queensland. No occurrence outside Queensland is identified in the supplied sources.

The known range is confined to the Seaview and Coane Ranges west of Ingham in north eastern Queensland. The species is associated with scattered colonies across approximately 2,000 km2.

The supplied documents do not assign the species to a named IBRA bioregion. They identify the Seaview and Coane Ranges as the relevant geographic units.

State: Queensland only in the supplied records.

Known area: Seaview and Coane Ranges, west of Ingham.

Extent of occurrence: Estimated at 944 km2 in the 2015 EPBC assessment, with earlier and alternative estimates differing because of survey coverage.

Area of occupancy: Estimated at at least 24 km2 in the 2015 EPBC assessment.

Distribution: Colonies and strongholds

About 20 colonies are known. Around 80 percent of known colonies occur in the Mount Zero to Taravale wildlife sanctuary, managed by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy.

The species is sociable and some sites contain aggregations of more than 40 individuals. Known colonies are scattered, and the species has a restricted distribution.

Known colonies: About 20.

Colonies in Mount Zero to Taravale: About 80 percent of known colonies.

Locations: The EPBC assessment treated the species as occurring at two locations.

Distribution: Population and trend

The total population was estimated at fewer than 800 mature individuals. The EPBC assessment found no evidence of population decline, decline in the number of locations or extreme fluctuations, but noted that medium to long term monitoring data were limited.

The assessment also noted that habitat quality may be declining in parts of the range outside Mount Zero to Taravale because of fire, weeds, livestock and feral animals.

Mature individuals: Fewer than 800 estimated.

Recorded trend: No demonstrated population decline at the time of the EPBC assessment.

Generation length: Six years, making three generations 18 years for the assessment.

Habitat: Habitat types

The species uses rocky habitat embedded within open forest and grassy woodland. The rock features provide shelter, while nearby vegetation provides feeding areas.

Recorded habitat includes rocky outcrops, boulder piles, gorges, cliff lines, rocky slopes and gullies. These features occur within open forests or grassy woodlands.

Habitat is therefore not limited to the rock shelter itself. Clearing of surrounding woodland or grassland may affect feeding and movement between colonies and rocky refuges.

Habitat: Structural features

Retain connected rocky features, boulder piles, cliff lines, gullies and rocky slopes, together with dense vegetation used for daytime shelter. Maintain nearby open forest and grassy woodland used for feeding.

The supplied sources do not provide a minimum outcrop size, vegetation height, canopy cover, elevation limit or climate threshold for this species.

Key rocky features: Outcrops, boulder piles, gorges, cliff lines, rocky slopes and gullies.

Associated vegetation: Open forest and grassy woodland.

Foraging habitat: Feeding behaviour

The species leaves rocky refuges around dusk and feeds in nearby open forest and grassy woodland. Its detailed diet and foraging distances have not been established in the supplied sources.

Individuals shelter during the day and emerge at dusk to feed. In summer activity is mainly nocturnal. In other months activity may be crepuscular or partly diurnal.

In cooler months individuals may bask on rocks during the early morning or late afternoon before or after feeding activity.

Foraging habitat: Food and feeding areas

No species-specific diet is available in the supplied sources. The species is considered likely to feed similarly to the Allied Rock Wallaby, but the relevant food plants and the contribution of different food types have not been identified.

For project assessments, inspect both rocky shelter and the surrounding open forest or grassy woodland. Avoid treating non-rocky vegetation as expendable, because the EPBC assessment identifies clearing of non-rocky parts of the range as a possible threat to dispersal and foraging.

Known food plants: Not identified in the supplied sources.

Foraging range: Not quantified. Feeding occurs in surrounding forest and grassy woodland near rocky refuges.

Breeding habitat: Breeding biology

Breeding occurs throughout the year, so suitable shelter and nearby feeding habitat may be occupied by dependent young at any time. Breeding details are limited, but females produce one young and use rocky habitat for refuge.

Breeding season: Throughout the year.

Litter size: One young.

Pouch period: Approximately 6.5 months, based on the published descriptive account.

Post-pouch period: The young is weaned 2 to 3 months after leaving the pouch.

Age at maturity: Males reach sexual maturity at about 20 months. A mean age at first breeding of 1.5 years was used in the generation length estimate, but sex-specific maturity information is limited.

Lifespan: Approximately 10 to 12 years, based on information across a range of Petrogale species.

Breeding habitat: Breeding habitat features

Breeding habitat is expected to include secure rocky refuges, boulder piles, cliff lines, gorges and dense vegetation, with nearby feeding areas in open forest or grassy woodland.

Because breeding is continuous, avoid assuming that winter or summer is free of pouch young or recently independent young. Protect shelter and feeding habitat across the full year where colonies or likely habitat are present.

Sheltering habitat: Rock refuges

Daytime shelter is provided by rocky refuges and dense vegetation. The species does not depend on tree hollows, burrows or nests according to the supplied sources.

Individuals shelter during the day among rocks or within boulder piles. Recorded sheltering features include rocky outcrops, boulder piles, gorges, cliff lines, rocky slopes and gullies.

In cooler months, individuals may sit on exposed rocks to bask in the early morning or late afternoon. Inspect crevices, boulder piles, cliff bases and vegetated edges for animals before works begin.

Sheltering habitat: Dense vegetation and connected cover

Dense vegetation is also used for daytime shelter. Retain vegetation around rocky habitat and maintain connections between sheltering features and nearby feeding areas.

The supplied sources do not provide refuge dimensions, den entrance sizes, preferred crevice widths, home range size or quantified movement distances.

Known shelter types: Rocky refuges, boulder piles and dense vegetation.

Other shelter types: No use of tree hollows, burrows or nests is identified in the supplied sources.

Threats: Clearing and fragmentation

The main documented risks are habitat degradation, depletion of food resources, feral cat predation, habitat loss and fragmentation, inappropriate fire, and possible competition with related rock-wallabies. The restricted range and small population increase the consequence of local impacts.

Clearing associated with pastoralism is identified as a possible threat, particularly in non-rocky parts of the range. It may reduce feeding habitat and disrupt movement between rocky refuges and colonies.

For construction and infrastructure projects, assess the full habitat unit rather than only the rock outcrop. Avoid clearing adjacent open forest, grassy woodland, dense vegetation and likely movement routes where they connect rocky features.

Documented consequence: Severe potential consequence for habitat loss and fragmentation.

Documented extent: Minor across the species' range in the EPBC threat assessment, although impacts may be concentrated at individual sites.

Threats: Grazing, weeds and resource depletion

Livestock and non-native herbivores may degrade habitat and reduce food resources. The threat was rated as severe, although the EPBC assessment noted few stock and few rabbits at Mount Zero to Taravale at that time.

Weed management, destocking and control of feral herbivores are part of conservation management at Mount Zero to Taravale. Prevent construction activities from introducing or spreading weeds into rocky habitat and feeding areas.

Threats: Fire

The species is likely to be disadvantaged by both complete fire exclusion and extensive or intense fire. A low intensity, patchy fire regime is considered more suitable because it retains unburnt food resources and can produce a pulse of higher quality food in burnt patches.

Plan clearing, burns and construction access to retain sheltering rocks, dense vegetation and unburnt feeding patches. Consider the interaction between fire, food resources and feral cat predation.

Fire threat: Too extensive or intense burning was rated as a moderate threat.

Preferred fire pattern: Low intensity, patchy fires that retain stable food resources and provide some post-fire food pulse.

Threats: Predators and competition

Predation by feral cats is a plausible threat with potentially large extent, although the EPBC assessment reported no primary evidence specific to this species. Control measures should minimise risks to rock-wallabies.

Competition, and possibly hybridisation, with related native rock-wallabies is identified as a minor possible threat. Climate change may increase this risk.

Feral cats: Moderate consequence and potentially large extent in the EPBC threat assessment.

Competition with related species: Minor consequence and minor extent in the EPBC threat assessment.

Threats: Other project risks

The supplied documents do not identify disease, road mortality or hydrology change as established threats for this species. These risks should still be checked where a project changes access, drainage, water movement, traffic or predator access near colonies.

Monitoring and surveys are recommended to define fine-scale distribution, colony size and management effectiveness. Camera trapping has been used at Mount Zero to Taravale since 2007.

Survey methodology: 1. Habitat and refuge mapping

Survey the Mount Claro Rock Wallaby where rocky habitat occurs within open forest or grassy woodland. The species shelters in rocks or dense vegetation during the day and emerges at dusk to feed, so night work and camera surveillance are important.

Before selecting survey points, map rocky outcrops, boulder piles, gorges, cliff lines, rocky slopes and dense vegetation within the work area and nearby retained habitat.

Record connections between rocky refuges and surrounding open forest or grassy woodland because the species feeds away from its daytime shelters.

Inspect suitable refuges during daylight only where this can be done safely and without dislodging rocks or entering unstable areas.

Known distribution: About 20 colonies within an area of about 2,000 km2 in the Seaview and Coane Ranges, west of Ingham in north-eastern Queensland.

Habitat: Rocky outcrops, boulder piles, gorges, cliff lines and rocky slopes in open forests or grassy woodlands.

• Mark each potential colony area, refuge, movement route and proposed disturbance footprint on project plans.
• Record the location, type and condition of each rocky feature, together with photographs and GPS coordinates.
• Extend the search beyond the clearing boundary where works could affect access between colonies and feeding areas.

Survey methodology: 2. Spotlighting and dusk observation

Undertake spotlighting from dusk into the night because Sharman's Rock Wallabies emerge at dusk to feed and are nocturnal in summer, and crepuscular or partly diurnal in other months.

Search the edges of rocky refuges, boulder piles, cliff lines and nearby feeding areas from safe observation points or along walked transects.

Use red-filtered or low-impact lighting where practicable, keep observers quiet and avoid entering occupied refuges.

Activity timing: Shelters by day and emerges at dusk; nocturnal in summer and crepuscular or partly diurnal in other months.

Colony size: Aggregations of more than 40 individuals have been recorded at some sites.

• Repeat observations across the project survey period where the first visit does not detect animals, because no fixed species-specific number of nights or hours is provided in the supplied documents.
• Record the date, start and finish time, weather, moon or light conditions, route or observation point, search duration and number of observers.
• Record every sighting separately, including group size, age or sex where visible, behaviour, direction of travel and the associated rocky feature.

Survey methodology: 3. Motion cameras and colony monitoring

Deploy motion cameras at entrances to boulder piles, rocky gullies, cliff bases, movement routes and feeding areas where direct observation is difficult.

Use camera surveillance to test whether animals persist at known or suspected colonies and to identify activity periods before clearing or construction begins.

The supplied conservation advice does not prescribe a camera number, spacing, deployment duration or trap-night total, so the ecologist must set and justify effort against the size and complexity of the habitat.

Existing monitoring approach: Baseline distribution data in Mount Zero to Taravale has been collected since 2007 using extensive camera-trap surveys.

Monitoring priority: Implement an integrated monitoring programme linked to assessment of management effectiveness.

• Aim cameras at likely approaches rather than placing equipment inside unstable rock refuges.
• Use a survey design that covers both the disturbance area and nearby retained habitat that could receive displaced animals.
• Check cameras at an interval that maintains animal welfare, security and data quality, and record deployment dates, operating hours, failures and detections.

Survey methodology: 4. Colony records and reporting

Combine spotlighting, camera detections and habitat mapping to define fine-scale distribution and the number of individuals in colonies.

Treat an absence from one visit as inconclusive where suitable rocky refuge remains available, and report the search conditions and effort with the result.

Seek advice from the relevant Queensland wildlife authority before finalising survey design where the project could affect a known colony or an important movement route.

• Submit verified records, including negative survey results where relevant, to the relevant state wildlife database.
• Provide coordinates, datum, date, observer, method, effort, photographs or camera evidence and the habitat feature associated with each record.
• Report the boundary of each colony or suspected colony separately from the broader project footprint.
• Retain raw camera files, field sheets and spatial data with the project environmental records.

Survey methodology: Minimum effort and reporting

• Use a competent ecologist to document the survey design because the supplied documents do not provide a fixed number of nights, hours, transect length, camera trap nights or search area.
• Survey all rocky habitat that could be cleared, excavated, blasted, inundated or isolated, plus connected retained habitat that may be used by animals during the works.
• Include dusk and night detection methods and allow for seasonal differences in activity.
• Submit records to the relevant state wildlife database and provide the project authority with the survey map, methods, effort, conditions, results and limitations.
• Do not treat a nil result as proof that the species is absent where survey access was restricted or suitable refuges were not adequately covered.

Before habitat disturbance: Avoid and minimise

The species has a small range and fewer than 800 mature individuals were estimated in the EPBC assessment. Avoiding rocky colonies and retaining links to feeding habitat should be the first project response.

Known concentration of subpopulations: About 80 percent of known colonies are in the Mount Zero to Taravale wildlife sanctuary.

EPBC status: Vulnerable under the EPBC Act.

Queensland status: Vulnerable, as identified in the supplied project listing information.

• Retain rocky outcrops, boulder piles, gorges, cliff lines and rocky slopes wherever practicable.
• Avoid clearing or isolating the open forest and grassy woodland surrounding rocky refuges, because animals leave refuges to feed.
• Keep connected routes between colonies, refuges and feeding areas, and avoid placing roads, fencing, stock access or construction compounds across those routes.
• Avoid disturbance to known colonies and areas with repeated camera or spotlight detections before considering relocation or habitat manipulation.
• Control weeds, livestock access and non-native herbivores around retained habitat where the project can influence those threats.

Before habitat disturbance: Approvals and work planning

Breeding: Breeding occurs continually throughout the year.

Generation length: Estimated at six years.

• Check whether the proposed action requires an EPBC Act referral because the species is nationally listed as Vulnerable.
• Confirm current Queensland permits, wildlife authorities and any approval conditions before survey, capture, handling, relocation or habitat disturbance.
• Prepare a species-specific fauna management plan covering survey, exclusion, clearing sequence, handling, release sites, incident response and monitoring.
• Stage works so that only the minimum area is opened at one time and retained rocky refuges remain available throughout construction.
• Schedule high-noise, blasting and clearing activities outside periods of highest observed activity where practicable, using project survey results rather than assuming a silent season because the species can breed throughout the year.

Before habitat disturbance: Pre-clearance preparation

• Complete a pre-clearance survey of all rocky habitat and connected feeding areas immediately before disturbance, using the approved survey methods.
• Mark no-go areas, colony boundaries, refuge rocks, movement routes and retained vegetation on the ground and in the construction plans.
• Install exclusion fencing only where it will not block movement between retained refuges and feeding habitat, and have the fauna ecologist approve its alignment.
• Brief machinery operators and supervisors on the species' appearance, activity pattern, stop-work triggers and the location of retained habitat.
• Check that a trained fauna spotter catcher, suitable holding equipment, transport arrangements and an authorised wildlife carer or veterinarian are available before clearing starts.

During habitat disturbance: Daily controls and machinery interface

Clearance should be slow, supervised and reversible at each stage. The fauna spotter catcher must have authority to stop machinery when an animal, occupied refuge or unexpected colony is found.

• Hold a daily pre-start briefing covering active work areas, exclusion zones, weather, recent detections and the spotter catcher's stop-work authority.
• Keep the fauna spotter catcher within safe sight of the active clearing face and ensure machinery moves only on the spotter catcher's direction when fauna habitat is being disturbed.
• Clear vegetation and loose surface material progressively towards retained habitat so animals have an opportunity to move away from machinery.
• Do not push, roll, hammer, blast or excavate rocks until the spotter catcher has inspected the feature and authorised the next step.
• Stop work during conditions that prevent the spotter catcher from safely detecting or controlling fauna, including poor visibility, unsafe access or an uncontrolled escape route.

During habitat disturbance: Rocky refuges and fauna handling

Day refuge: Rocky refuges or dense vegetation.

Preferred release habitat: Nearby retained rocky habitat connected to open forest or grassy woodland, subject to approval and site suitability.

• Treat boulder piles, rocky crevices, cliff bases and dense vegetation as potential daytime refuges even when no animal is visible.
• Do not enter unstable gorges, cliff areas or boulder piles to chase an animal; use a safe exclusion zone and seek advice from the fauna ecologist.
• If a wallaby is found, stop nearby machinery, keep people and dogs away, and allow an unobstructed route to retained suitable habitat where safe.
• Only an appropriately authorised person may capture, handle, transport or release the animal, and handling must be limited to what is required for safety and lawful management.
• Release a healthy animal only at an approved nearby retained refuge with connected rocky habitat, unless the approved fauna management plan specifies another site.
• Take an injured or distressed animal to a veterinarian or authorised wildlife carer as soon as practicable, using the approved wildlife rescue procedure.

During habitat disturbance: Stop-work triggers and records

• Stop work immediately if a Mount Claro Rock Wallaby is detected within the disturbance area, a colony or repeated use of a refuge is identified, an animal is injured, or clearing threatens an occupied rocky refuge.
• Stop work if exclusion fencing, machinery movement or site access blocks a detected animal from reaching retained habitat.
• Reassess the work method and obtain approval from the fauna ecologist before restarting after a stop-work event.
• Record the time, location, animal condition, identification evidence, people involved, machinery activity, action taken, release or treatment outcome and restart authorisation.
• Report deaths, injuries, unauthorised handling, trapped animals and damage to retained habitat to the project environmental officer and the relevant authority in accordance with approval conditions.

After habitat disturbance: Post-clearance inspection and monitoring

Post-clearance work must confirm that retained refuges remain usable and that construction has not severed access to feeding areas. Monitoring should test both animal persistence and the effectiveness of threat controls.

Existing monitoring objective: Monitor persistence of subpopulations and link an integrated monitoring programme to management effectiveness.

• Inspect the cleared edge, retained rocky refuges, exclusion fencing and movement routes after each clearing stage and after major changes to the site.
• Repeat camera monitoring and targeted dusk or night observations at retained refuges and nearby feeding areas where animals were recorded before works.
• Compare detections, colony use, habitat condition and access routes with the pre-disturbance baseline.
• Investigate any reduction in detections, injured animals, new barriers, weed spread, livestock access or feral animal activity rather than treating it as natural variation.
• Maintain monitoring for the period required by approval conditions and the fauna management plan.

After habitat disturbance: Close-out, controls and offsets

• Keep no-go markers, fencing and machinery exclusion controls in place until the environmental officer confirms that the relevant risk has ended.
• Remove temporary barriers that interfere with movement between retained rocky refuges and feeding habitat, unless they are part of an approved protection measure.
• Document all incidents, survey results, rehabilitation actions and monitoring results in the project completion report.
• Apply any approved offset or conservation measure required for residual impacts, and ensure it protects suitable rocky habitat and connected open forest or grassy woodland.
• Provide verified records and material changes to habitat or colony status to the relevant state wildlife database and approval authority.

Rehabilitation actions: Rebuild refuge and feeding habitat

Rehabilitation should recreate connected rocky refuge and feeding habitat rather than relying only on tree planting. The conservation advice identifies fire, feral cats, non-native herbivores, weeds and habitat loss as management issues for this species.

Habitat structure: Rocky outcrops, boulder piles, gorges, cliff lines and rocky slopes within open forests or grassy woodlands.

Food information: Key food resources and the extent to which food availability limits population size or breeding success require further assessment.

• Reinstate stable rock piles, rocky cover and safe movement routes where the approved design can do so without creating an erosion or safety hazard.
• Revegetate disturbed ground with locally appropriate native open forest or grassy woodland species selected for the site and approved by the project ecologist.
• Maintain dense vegetation near suitable rocky refuges while retaining open feeding areas around them.
• Do not introduce animals or move rock-wallabies as part of rehabilitation unless translocation is separately approved, because the conservation advice does not recommend translocation as a routine action.
• Retain natural rock features and avoid covering crevices or boulder piles with spoil, mulch or sediment.

Rehabilitation actions: Threat control and fire management

Recommended fire approach: Low-intensity, patchy fires are expected to maintain stable food resources in unburnt patches and provide a pulse of high-quality food in burnt patches.

• Control weeds and prevent construction materials, livestock and non-native herbivores from degrading retained or restored feeding habitat.
• Implement feral cat control measures that minimise adverse effects on the species and comply with relevant approvals.
• Use a low-intensity, patchy fire regime where it is appropriate and authorised, retaining unburnt food resources while avoiding total fire exclusion and extensive fires.
• Assess fire management together with predation risk because the conservation advice identifies potential interaction between fire and feral cat impacts.
• Monitor restored areas for grazing, browsing, cat activity, weed invasion and fire effects.

Rehabilitation actions: Success measures and reporting

Monitoring priority: Design and implement an integrated monitoring programme linked to assessment of management effectiveness.

Research priorities: Assess habitat requirements, key food resources, fire regimes, feral cat impacts, non-native herbivore impacts and the effectiveness of threat controls.

• Set site-specific success measures for survival of planted vegetation, stability of reinstated rocks, weed cover, access between refuges and feeding areas, and absence of new barriers.
• Use motion cameras and targeted dusk or night observations to test whether wallabies use restored or protected habitat.
• Compare post-rehabilitation detections and colony use with the pre-clearance baseline and investigate persistent non-detection.
• Record monitoring effort, camera failures, sightings, animal condition, habitat condition and corrective actions.
• Continue adaptive management until the environmental officer and approval authority accept the rehabilitation outcome.

Sources

• T, Australian Government DCCEEW: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/59281-conservation-advice-05052016.pdf
• Listings since commencement of EPBC Act, Australian Government DCCEEW: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-tmp/publiclistchanges.65976216a4ae6116073f.html
• Petrogale sharmani Eldredge & Close 1992, tb.plazi.org: https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/html/039504399647FFA26A78F2F0FA383F4F