Long-snouted Frog (Litoria longirostris)

Conservation status

Queensland, Nature Conservation Act 1992: Near threatened.

Breeding season

The Long-snouted Frog is poorly known, and species-specific breeding timing has not been recorded. For planning in Queensland, treat breeding as most likely during warm, wet conditions, while allowing for local and yearly variation.

Breeding mode: Not recorded. As a general frog precaution, expect eggs laid in water or very wet habitat with external fertilisation.

Clutch size: Not recorded.

Incubation and larval period: Not recorded.

Fledging or weaning: Not applicable. Young frogs are expected to undergo metamorphosis, but the timing is not recorded.

Age at maturity: Not recorded.

Breeding site: Not recorded. Check waterbodies, drainage lines, flooded depressions, wet ground and dense vegetation before clearing.

Breeding frequency: Not recorded.

Timing may shift between Queensland regions and years, especially with rainfall, temperature and the availability of temporary breeding water.

• Adult calling and breeding activity: Use warm and wet conditions from about August to December as the general higher-likelihood period for calling, mating and egg laying.
• Eggs and tadpoles: Where breeding occurs, eggs and tadpoles may remain in suitable water into summer and early autumn.
• Recently metamorphosed and dispersing frogs: Small frogs may leave breeding areas and disperse through adjoining moist ground and vegetation after rainfall.
• Adult and juvenile activity: Search effort should increase after rain and during warm nights, particularly from late winter through summer.
• Highest clearing risk: Plan the highest level of pre-clearance checking and wet-weather controls from June to December, when breeding, eggs, tadpoles and young frogs may be present.

Identification: Appearance and size

The Long-snouted Frog is a poorly documented Queensland frog. Confirm records with an experienced amphibian ecologist where practical, especially before clearing or work near wet areas.

The species has a characteristically long snout, reflected in both its common and scientific names. Detailed field measurements and a full description are not included here, so identification should not rely on snout shape alone.

Use photographs, habitat information and an expert determination for unusual or uncertain frogs. Avoid handling unless required for a permitted fauna management activity.

Identification: Calls and similar species

Frogs are often detected by their calls before they are seen. A species-specific call description is not established here, so record the call, date, time, weather and location and seek confirmation from a qualified herpetologist.

Compare the animal with other treefrogs and wetland frogs present in the local area. Do not assign an identification from a call recording without checking the local species list and habitat.

• Survey after dark when frogs are calling and active.
• Use photographs or a short audio recording where this can be done without disturbing the animal.

Identification: Field signs

Direct observation, calling males, eggs, tadpoles and recently metamorphosed frogs can all indicate use of a site. The species-specific appearance of eggs and tadpoles is not detailed here, so collect records carefully and obtain expert confirmation.

Frogs do not leave reliable project-site signs such as droppings, whitewash, nests or odour. Wet cover, frog calls and repeated observations are more useful indicators.

• Record the exact location and habitat feature used.
• Photograph the frog in place where possible.
• Do not move frogs, eggs or tadpoles between waterbodies.

Distribution: Australian range

The Long-snouted Frog is a Queensland endemic. Project teams should treat suitable habitat as potentially occupied even where the species has not been recorded recently.

The mapped Australian state or territory is Queensland. The species is described as naturally occurring in Queensland and is not identified as occurring outside Australia.

The available profile does not define a finer regional range within Queensland. Check current WildNet records and local expert advice for the project area.

Queensland records: 80 records in the cited WildNet summary

Last record in the cited summary: 8 June 2010

Distribution: Using records on site

A database record can show that the species has used an area, but it does not confirm that the species is still present. An absence of records also does not demonstrate absence from a site.

Review records before planning clearing, access tracks, drainage works or changes to waterbodies. Allow for the possibility that records have limited location precision.

• Search current records before finalising the works footprint.
• Check moist habitat and breeding places in and around the footprint.
• Document both positive records and the survey conditions when no frogs are found.

Habitat: Site features to inspect

Species-specific habitat information is limited. For development assessments, inspect terrestrial areas that provide shelter and feeding opportunities, particularly where they connect with suitable breeding water.

Look for moist ground, leaf litter, fallen timber, rocks, dense ground vegetation and other cover that can retain humidity. Inspect the margins of pools, drainage lines, depressions and other areas that hold water after rain.

Give extra attention to habitat beside proposed clearing, haul routes, stockpile areas, temporary compounds and drainage works.

• Moist low-lying ground and depressions
• Dense ground cover and leaf litter
• Vegetated margins of pools and drainage lines
• Connections between terrestrial cover and breeding water

Habitat: Habitat condition

Retained vegetation and connected ground cover can provide refuge during and after works. Avoid assuming that disturbed or partly cleared ground is unused, as frogs may shelter in small moist patches.

Map habitat features before clearing and mark areas to be retained. Include temporary work areas in the assessment, not just permanent infrastructure.

Habitat: Survey approach

Use a combination of daytime habitat inspection and night searches after suitable weather. Survey effort should be scaled to the near threatened listing, the amount of habitat affected and the potential for breeding places to be disturbed.

Have a qualified fauna spotter catcher inspect likely refuges immediately before clearing. Stop and reassess if frogs, eggs or tadpoles are found.

Foraging habitat: Where to look

The Long-snouted Frog is an amphibian and is expected to feed on small invertebrates, although species-specific diet information is limited. Retaining moist cover and avoiding insecticide impacts will help maintain feeding habitat.

Search around damp ground cover, leaf litter, low vegetation and the edges of waterbodies. Frogs may move between shelter and feeding areas, particularly during humid or wet conditions.

Inspect vegetation and ground cover within the proposed clearing footprint as well as adjacent retained habitat.

• Leaf litter and low vegetation
• Moist soil and surface debris
• Edges of pools, drainage lines and depressions
• Vegetated links between shelter and water

Foraging habitat: Likely food

As with other frogs, the Long-snouted Frog is expected to take small invertebrates. Do not describe a more specific diet in project documents unless supported by local survey or specialist advice.

Avoid unnecessary insecticide use near retained habitat and water. Manage lighting where practical, because excessive artificial light can alter insect activity and frog behaviour.

Foraging habitat: Works controls

Keep cleared material, sediment and pollutants out of retained feeding areas and water. Prevent machinery from compacting or drying moist habitat outside the approved footprint.

Use fauna spotter catcher checks during clearing and relocate animals only under an approved method and by appropriately authorised personnel.

Breeding habitat: Potential breeding places

The breeding habitat and breeding timing of the Long-snouted Frog are poorly documented in the available profile. Treat suitable waterbodies and wet depressions as potential breeding places until assessed by an amphibian ecologist.

Inspect pools, shallow wetlands, drainage depressions, temporary water, farm dams and other still or slow-moving water near terrestrial cover. The actual breeding place used by this species should be confirmed locally where possible.

Look for calling frogs, eggs, tadpoles and recently metamorphosed frogs. Record water depth, water persistence, vegetation, shade and connections to surrounding cover.

Breeding habitat: Timing and weather

A reliable breeding period is not established here. Frog activity and breeding can increase after rain and during warm, humid conditions, so plan pre-clearing checks around local weather where possible.

Do not assume a dry waterbody is permanently unused. Inspect wet depressions and recently dry pools when conditions change.

Breeding habitat: Protection during works

In Queensland, near threatened animals are protected wildlife. Tampering with a breeding place requires a species management program, so obtain the necessary approvals before disturbing a suspected breeding place.

Keep sediment, concrete washout, fuels and other pollutants away from breeding water. Maintain natural drainage and avoid filling, draining or isolating waterbodies unless authorised.

• Establish no-go areas around confirmed or suspected breeding places.
• Use sediment and erosion controls before earthworks begin.
• Stop work and seek ecological advice if eggs, tadpoles or concentrated frog activity are found.

Sheltering habitat: Likely refuges

Frogs need cool, damp shelter to avoid drying out. The species-specific sheltering features of the Long-snouted Frog are not well documented, so inspect a broad range of moist refuges before and during clearing.

Search beneath leaf litter, fallen timber, rocks, dense ground vegetation and other debris that holds moisture. Inspect the base of vegetation, damp soil edges and shaded areas beside water.

Retained shelter should be linked to breeding and feeding habitat where possible.

Sheltering habitat: Clearing controls

Clear progressively and provide a fauna spotter catcher ahead of machinery. Check each section immediately before disturbance, including material that will be pushed, rolled or stockpiled.

Avoid burning, chipping or burying habitat material until it has been checked. Do not leave displaced frogs exposed to sun, heat or dry conditions.

• Mark retained refuges and exclusion areas clearly.
• Keep machinery within the approved footprint.
• Pause work if a frog is found in the active clearing area.

Sheltering habitat: Handling and relocation

Frogs should be handled as little as possible and only by trained, authorised personnel. Use clean, damp equipment suitable for amphibians and prevent transfer of soil, water and pathogens between sites.

Relocation should be to nearby suitable habitat approved under the project method, not to an unrelated waterbody or distant site.

Threats: Clearing and fragmentation

The near threatened listing means that avoidable habitat loss and disturbance should be managed conservatively. Development controls should focus on retaining connected terrestrial cover, protecting breeding places and preventing disease and water quality impacts.

Vegetation clearing can remove shelter and feeding habitat and can separate frogs from breeding water. Temporary works, access tracks and stockpiles can cause the same impacts as permanent infrastructure.

Minimise the footprint, retain connected moist cover and stage clearing so animals can move away from active works where appropriate.

• Fence and sign exclusion areas.
• Keep clearing within the approved footprint.
• Rehabilitate temporary disturbance promptly.

Threats: Breeding place disturbance

Filling, draining, sedimentation or physical disturbance of a breeding place can affect eggs, tadpoles and adult frogs. In Queensland, tampering with a breeding place for this near threatened species requires a species management program.

Have an ecologist assess suspected breeding places before works and confirm the required approvals and controls.

Threats: Water quality and hydrology

Sediment, chemicals, concrete washout, hydrocarbons and altered drainage can damage aquatic breeding habitat. Changes that dry a wet area, increase scour or isolate a pool can also reduce habitat suitability.

Install and maintain erosion and sediment controls before earthworks. Keep fuels, chemicals and waste away from water and inspect controls after rain.

Threats: Disease and introduced pressures

Amphibian disease can be spread on wet equipment, footwear, vehicles and handling gear. Invasive predators and altered water regimes may also affect frogs and their breeding habitat.

Use amphibian hygiene procedures between wetlands and work areas. Clean and disinfect equipment as required, avoid moving water or aquatic material between sites, and report unusual frog deaths to the relevant authority.

Survey methodology: 1. Desktop assessment

The Long-snouted Frog is poorly known, so surveys should use several methods and target suitable moist habitat. Focus effort after rain, when frogs are more likely to call and move, and record enough detail to support repeat surveys and site decisions.

Map drainage lines, wet depressions, ponds, dams, seepages, dense ground cover and connected terrestrial habitat before visiting the site.

Check WildNet records and other current Queensland biodiversity records within and around the project area. Treat old records as a reason to investigate suitable habitat, not as proof that frogs are still present.

Confirm the current Queensland conservation status and whether proposed works could affect a breeding place or other protected wildlife habitat.

Queensland status: Near threatened

Queensland records in the referenced dataset: 80

Last record in the referenced dataset: 8 June 2010

• Review recent aerial imagery and site plans for waterbodies, culverts, temporary pools and proposed clearing areas.
• Identify access routes, lighting, noise, sediment risks and likely refuge areas such as leaf litter, logs and dense vegetation.
• Engage a suitably experienced amphibian ecologist where habitat is present or records are nearby.

Survey methodology: 2. Call and visual surveys

Use night call surveys during warm, humid conditions after rain, particularly when temporary or permanent water is available. Avoid strong wind and heavy rain that can mask calls or make access unsafe.

Walk or slowly inspect the margins of likely breeding places and nearby terrestrial cover with a headlamp. Search under suitable cover only where this can be done without damaging habitat.

Use repeated visits where the habitat is suitable. The species is not well studied, so a single quiet night should not be treated as evidence of absence.

• Record all frog calls, including uncertain calls, with time, weather, location and an estimate of calling intensity.
• Search water margins, low vegetation, leaf litter, logs, rocks, drains and other moist refuges.
• Use call playback only if approved by the project ecologist and relevant authority. Do not use it where it could disrupt breeding or attract frogs into danger.

Survey methodology: 3. Environmental DNA and targeted searches

Consider environmental DNA testing where suitable water is present and visual or call surveys are inconclusive. Use a laboratory and sampling design suitable for amphibian detection, and interpret a negative result with the limits of the method and survey conditions in mind.

Undertake daytime habitat checks as well as night work. Look for frogs, eggs, tadpoles and signs of recent breeding, while avoiding disturbance to water edges and shelter sites.

• Use clean equipment between waterbodies to reduce disease transfer.
• Record waterbody type, water condition, vegetation, shelter, shade, connectivity and evidence of breeding.
• Have a hygiene protocol for footwear, nets, torches, buckets and other equipment to reduce the spread of chytrid fungus and other pathogens.

Survey methodology: 4. Survey records and reporting

Keep georeferenced records for every observation and survey visit. Photograph animals only when this can be done without handling or prolonged disturbance.

Report positive detections promptly to the project manager and fauna spotter catcher. Make the location, breeding evidence and proposed disturbance footprint clear on project plans.

• Record date, start and finish time, observer, survey method, weather, recent rainfall, moon conditions, access limitations and survey effort.
• Record the number of adults, juveniles, tadpoles or egg masses where they can be counted reliably.
• Retain call recordings, photographs, field sheets and spatial data in the project file.

Before habitat disturbance: 1. Confirm approvals and authority

Plan the work around the frog and its breeding habitat, rather than relying on rescue during clearing. Near threatened wildlife and its breeding places need Queensland compliance checks before disturbance begins.

Check whether the project requires an EPBC Act referral. The Long-snouted Frog is not identified as EPBC listed in the available status information, but other listed matters or project impacts may still trigger the Act.

Obtain Queensland approvals before clearing, capture, handling or moving frogs. Confirm whether a species management program is required for tampering with a breeding place, and ensure the approved conditions are understood by the whole team.

Use only fauna spotter catchers and other personnel who hold the required Queensland authority for capture, handling or relocation.

Queensland conservation status: Near threatened

Queensland protection: Near threatened animals are protected wildlife

Breeding place requirement: Tampering with a breeding place needs a species management program

• Ask the environmental manager to confirm the Nature Conservation Act requirements and any conditions attached to the development approval.
• Keep approvals, species management program conditions, permits and contact details at the site office and in the spotter catcher vehicle.
• Do not assume a general clearing approval authorises frog capture or disturbance of a breeding place.

Before habitat disturbance: 2. Complete a pre-clearance survey

Repeat the habitat and frog assessment close to the start of works. Survey the actual disturbance footprint, access tracks, stockpile areas, drainage works and areas that may be indirectly affected by sediment, dewatering, vibration or lighting.

Inspect likely breeding places and terrestrial refuge habitat. Look for adults, tadpoles, eggs and recently used waterbodies.

If conditions are dry or unsuitable, document the limitation and use additional visits when conditions improve rather than treating the result as a clear site.

• Mark breeding places, water margins, moist refuges and movement routes on the clearing plan.
• Set out no-go areas before machinery arrives.
• Reassess the site if works are delayed, heavy rain creates new pools, or the work footprint changes.

Before habitat disturbance: 3. Avoid and protect habitat

Retain breeding places, vegetated water margins, moist ground cover and connected terrestrial habitat wherever practicable. Keep clearing and vehicle movement outside these areas.

Set buffers around breeding places and refuge habitat using the approved plan and advice from the project ecologist or regulator. The buffer should reflect the waterbody, surrounding habitat, drainage, slope, machinery risk and likely movement of frogs.

Control sediment, pollutants, altered drainage, dewatering, dust, vibration and artificial light near suitable habitat.

• Fence exclusion areas before clearing and inspect the fencing each day.
• Use clean water controls and prevent dirty water from entering breeding places.
• Keep lighting directed away from water and retained vegetation, and switch off unnecessary lights.
• Do not store spoil, chemicals, fuels or waste beside waterbodies or moist refuge habitat.

Before habitat disturbance: 4. Induct the work crew

Give every worker a short site induction before work starts. Show photographs or approved identification guidance and explain that frogs must not be collected or moved by unauthorised workers.

Make the stop-work process simple. Everyone should know who to call and where animals are to be kept while advice is obtained.

• Tell workers to stop immediately if a frog, eggs, tadpoles or an active breeding place is found in the work area.
• Prohibit workers from touching frogs, draining pools, filling depressions or removing cover within exclusion areas.
• Provide the spotter catcher's name, phone number and the environmental manager's contact details at the work front.

During habitat disturbance: 1. Clear in stages

Use staged clearing and active supervision to reduce the chance of killing or displacing frogs. The fauna spotter catcher must have authority to stop work whenever an animal or breeding place is at risk.

Clear vegetation progressively towards retained habitat, allowing animals to move away from machinery and towards protected areas where this is safe and approved.

Use a fauna spotter catcher to inspect vegetation, ground cover, water edges, soil disturbance and machinery paths before and during each stage.

Keep machinery out of exclusion zones and stop work when visibility, weather or site conditions prevent effective fauna supervision.

• Begin with low-risk areas and leave retained habitat and breeding places undisturbed until the final stage or permanently protected stage.
• Inspect felled vegetation, logs, rock piles, debris and moist cover before they are removed.
• Avoid unnecessary night clearing near water and suitable frog habitat.

During habitat disturbance: 2. Handle and relocate frogs lawfully

Only authorised and trained personnel may capture, handle or relocate a Long-snouted Frog. Use clean, powder-free gloves and replace or disinfect gloves and equipment between animals and sites under the project hygiene procedure.

Move an animal only under the approved fauna management plan and permit conditions. Release it into suitable nearby habitat that is safe from machinery, drying, traffic and further clearing.

• Keep handling time short and protect the frog from heat, sun, crushing, chemicals and dehydration.
• Use a clean, ventilated container with appropriate damp shelter. Do not place frogs in standing water unless directed by an amphibian specialist.
• Record the capture point, release point, time, condition, method, person handling the animal and permit or approval reference.
• Do not relocate eggs or tadpoles unless this is specifically authorised and directed by the responsible ecologist or regulator.

During habitat disturbance: 3. Respond to breeding places and concentrations

Stop work if eggs, tadpoles, repeated calling, breeding activity or a suspected active breeding place is found within or near the disturbance area. Protect the area from entry, sediment, dewatering and vibration until it has been assessed.

Treat a group of frogs using the same waterbody or refuge area as a potential local concentration, even if the animals are not calling at the time.

• Establish a temporary exclusion area and mark it clearly.
• Notify the project ecologist, environmental manager and relevant approval holder immediately.
• Do not drain, fill, pump, excavate, burn or disturb the site until the approved response is confirmed.
• Record the breeding evidence and update the clearing plan, buffers and timing if required.

During habitat disturbance: 4. Manage injured or dead animals

If a frog is injured, stop nearby work and contact the nominated wildlife carer, veterinarian or fauna ecologist. Keep the animal quiet, cool and shaded in a clean ventilated container while awaiting instructions.

Do not apply medication, food or unapproved fluids. Do not release an injured animal without professional advice.

• Record the location, suspected cause, condition, photographs and people involved.
• Report deaths, injuries, unauthorised handling, entry into an exclusion zone and damage to a breeding place as incidents under the project approval and management plan.
• Preserve relevant evidence, including machinery details, photographs and the condition of the work area.

After habitat disturbance: 1. Complete post-clearance checks

Finish each clearing stage with a fauna and habitat check. Use the results to correct problems early and to improve the next stage of work.

Inspect the cleared footprint, retained habitat edges, access routes, stockpiles and drainage controls after each stage. Look for trapped, injured or stranded frogs and for damage to exclusion fencing or breeding places.

Check pits, trenches, pipes and other excavations at the start and end of each work period where frogs could enter.

• Remove or cover fauna traps created by the works, or provide safe escape routes approved by the fauna ecologist.
• Search standing water and damp debris before removal or backfilling.
• Keep exclusion fencing and water controls in place until the environmental manager confirms they can be removed.

After habitat disturbance: 2. Monitor retained habitat and relocated animals

Where frogs were relocated or breeding habitat was retained, undertake follow-up checks at a frequency set by the approval, species management program and project ecologist.

Use the same call, visual and habitat methods where possible so results can be compared between visits. The species is poorly known, so monitoring should focus on whether habitat remains suitable and whether construction is causing continuing harm.

• Check water levels, water quality, sediment, weeds, shade, ground cover, connectivity and evidence of breeding.
• Record relocated animals that are found again, but do not assume that failure to detect them means they have died or left the area.
• Investigate repeated frog deaths, unusual absences, disease concerns, drying of breeding places or new barriers to movement.

After habitat disturbance: 3. Report and close out

Prepare a clearance and fauna report for the project file and approval holder. Submit reports to Queensland authorities where approval conditions require this.

Include any variation from the approved method, all captures and releases, injuries, deaths, breeding place findings, incidents, corrective actions and monitoring results.

• Map final cleared areas, retained habitat, exclusion zones and rehabilitation areas.
• Attach permits, approval conditions, field records, photographs, call recordings and relocation details.
• Keep records in a form that can support future surveys and environmental audits.

After habitat disturbance: 4. Review incidents and controls

Hold a short review after each incident and at the end of clearing. Identify whether the cause was survey timing, inadequate fencing, poor communication, machinery movement, lighting, drainage or another control failure.

Update the induction, clearing sequence, supervision level and habitat controls before the next work stage.

• Discuss findings with the fauna spotter catcher, supervisor, machinery operators and environmental manager.
• Record corrective actions, the person responsible and the date for completion.
• Escalate repeated incidents or any impact on an active breeding place to the approval holder and relevant regulator.

Rehabilitation actions: 1. Restore habitat structure

Rehabilitation should restore connected, moist terrestrial habitat and safe breeding opportunities rather than create isolated ponds. Design should be based on local habitat assessment because breeding requirements for the Long-snouted Frog are not well documented.

Reinstate native vegetation, leaf litter, logs, rocks and other ground cover around suitable water and along movement routes. Retain natural drainage patterns where possible.

Use local native species suited to the soil, moisture and regional conditions. Keep rehabilitation connected to retained habitat and avoid creating barriers such as steep drains, hard edges or frequently trafficked verges.

• Replace compacted soil with suitable topsoil and natural ground cover where practicable.
• Stage planting and stabilisation so bare soil and sediment do not enter breeding places.
• Protect new plantings from vehicles, fire, grazing and weed invasion.
• Remove temporary construction materials and restore disturbed access tracks when they are no longer needed.

Rehabilitation actions: 2. Provide suitable water habitat

Protect existing ponds, pools, drainage features and wet depressions before constructing new waterbodies. Any new or modified water habitat should be designed by an amphibian ecologist and hydrologist to suit local conditions.

Avoid permanent steep-sided pits, polluted runoff, excessive lighting and water regimes that leave frogs isolated or expose them to rapid drying or fish predation.

• Use clean catchments and sediment controls during construction and until vegetation is established.
• Maintain shallow margins, nearby cover and safe access for frogs where these features suit the local site.
• Do not introduce fish, exotic aquatic plants or chemicals into restored waterbodies.
• Check that water does not pond in locations that create a traffic or machinery hazard.

Rehabilitation actions: 3. Consider replacement structures carefully

Nest boxes, bat boxes, artificial nests and roost structures are not a routine substitute for habitat for this frog. Use artificial structures only if a qualified amphibian ecologist confirms that a particular design and location are suitable for the species and site.

Prioritise natural shelter, water quality, vegetation and connectivity. Poorly designed structures can collect heat, predators, disease or contaminated water.

• Document the purpose, design, materials, location, maintenance responsibility and approval basis before installation.
• Use non-toxic, weather-resistant materials and avoid sharp edges or entrapment points.
• Inspect any approved artificial shelter after installation and remove or modify it if it causes harm or is not functioning as intended.
• Do not install bat boxes or other fauna structures simply to compensate for loss of frog habitat.

Rehabilitation actions: 4. Control weeds, disease and lighting

Control weeds before they dominate wet margins or ground cover, using methods that do not contaminate water or injure frogs. Inspect rehabilitation areas after rain and during the growing season.

Apply amphibian hygiene procedures to all maintenance equipment and personnel moving between waterbodies.

• Prevent sediment, fertiliser, herbicide, fuel and concrete washout from entering breeding places.
• Use warm-colour, shielded and downward-directed lighting near retained habitat where lighting cannot be avoided.
• Keep unnecessary lights off during night conditions when frogs may be moving or calling.
• Remove invasive vegetation by staged methods that retain shelter until replacement habitat is established.

Rehabilitation actions: 5. Monitor rehabilitation

Monitor restored areas for establishment of vegetation, water condition, ground cover, connectivity and frog use. Set the duration and frequency through the approval, species management program and project risk assessment.

Use night call surveys, visual searches and breeding checks after suitable rain, with consistent methods between monitoring rounds.

• Record adults, juveniles, eggs, tadpoles, calls, predators, weeds, disease concerns, sediment and drying.
• Compare rehabilitation sites with nearby retained habitat where a suitable reference area exists.
• Repair erosion, fencing, drainage, lighting and weed problems promptly.
• Continue monitoring until the environmental manager and relevant approval holder are satisfied that the rehabilitation outcomes have been met.

Sources

• Rare or threatened amphibians of Queensland - WetlandInfo, Queensland Government WetlandInfo: https://wetlandinfo.detsi.qld.gov.au/wetlands/facts-maps/wildlife/?&AreaID=queensland&Kingdom=animals&Class=amphibians&SpeciesFilter=RareOrThreatened
• Occurrence records for the distribution map, Atlas of Living Australia: https://biocache.ala.org.au/