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Hobson's Fine-line Slider (Lerista hobsoni)

Hobson's Fine-line Slider is a small, fossorial skink found only in Queensland. It is associated with open, low woodland and can be encountered during clearing or soil disturbance, including in sandy woodland habitats. The species is listed as near threatened in Queensland and is protected wildlife. Tampering with a breeding place requires a species management program.

Conservation status

Queensland, Nature Conservation Act 1992: Near threatened.

Breeding season

The Hobson's fine-line slider is poorly known, and no species-specific breeding calendar has been established. Until local survey data show otherwise, plan for possible activity and breeding in every month across its Queensland range.

Breeding mode: Not recorded.

Clutch or litter size: Not recorded.

Incubation or gestation: Not recorded.

Fledging or weaning: Not recorded.

Age at maturity: Not recorded.

Breeding place: Not recorded. The species is fossorial and has been associated with open woodland, including sparse low woodland on sandy soil.

Breeding frequency: Not recorded.

Activity and breeding may vary between years and locations, particularly with rainfall, temperature, soil conditions and local habitat quality, so update timing from site observations where available.

  • Potential breeding activity: No breeding months are established, so treat breeding as possible throughout the year until local evidence indicates a narrower period.
  • Potential surface activity and detection: Search effort should allow for activity in all months because seasonal activity patterns are not established for this fossorial skink.
  • Sheltering and burrowing in soil and ground cover: Retain suitable soil, leaf litter, ground cover and other shelter during works because the species is fossorial and breeding shelter sites are not defined.
  • Eggs or dependent young potentially present: The presence, development and timing of eggs or young are not recorded, so assume they may be present whenever suitable habitat is disturbed.
  • Highest clearing risk: Treat every month as a potential clearing risk and use progressive clearing, qualified fauna handling and pre-clearance checks.

Identification: Appearance and size

Hobson's Fine-line Slider is a poorly known, small skink that spends much of its time in or close to the soil. Field identification should be confirmed by a suitably experienced herpetologist, especially where other small skinks occur.

The available information does not establish a reliable field description or diagnostic measurements. The species is a small-bodied skink, with a recorded weight of approximately 1.88 g.

Identification: Calls and similar species

No species-specific call or echolocation signal is associated with this reptile. Do not use vocal surveys to assess its presence.

Other small skinks may look similar. Confirm records from clear photographs, a specimen handled under the appropriate authority, or expert examination.

Identification: Field signs

There are no reliable species-specific signs such as distinctive droppings, nests, stains, odours or calls to use during a pre-clearance inspection.

Search effort should focus on suitable ground habitat, surface cover and soil disturbance rather than on signs alone.

Identification: Handling on site

Treat any small skink found during clearing, trenching or soil work as a potential near threatened animal until it has been identified.

Use a fauna spotter catcher and follow the approved handling, containment and release procedures for the project. Record the location, habitat, photographs and circumstances of each detection.

Distribution: Australian range

Hobson's Fine-line Slider is endemic to Queensland. Records are sparse, so a lack of records from a site should not be treated as evidence that the species is absent.

The species is known only from Queensland. Regional information includes records from the Gulf Plains and the eastern Gulf of Carpentaria area.

Available Queensland records include 35 records and 32 specimens in one state-wide dataset. The Gulf Plains and eastern Gulf reports each contain two records and one specimen, with the latest regional record dated 18 March 1984.

Distribution: Interpreting records

Records may represent historical observations, and the species may no longer occur at every recorded locality. Conversely, an unrecorded site may still contain suitable habitat.

For project planning, check current WildNet records and local ecological information, then assess habitat connectivity and site condition in the field.

Distribution: Survey planning

Give additional attention to open and low woodland on sandy soils, particularly where the project will clear vegetation or disturb the ground.

Plan searches before clearing and during relevant earthworks. Record all incidental reptiles, including animals found in traps, spoil, vegetation debris or exposed soil.

Habitat: Vegetation and structure

The clearest habitat indication is open woodland, including sparse low woodland on sandy soil. A recorded survey site was described as low dry woodland with a sandy substrate, native grasses and scattered shrubs and trees.

Look for habitat with a relatively open canopy and low woodland structure. A recorded site contained Terminalia platyphylla and Grevillea striata as dominant trees, Carissa lanceolata in the shrub layer and Aristida grasses at ground level.

Retain connected patches of native ground cover, leaf litter, fallen timber and low shrubs wherever practicable.

Habitat: Soils and landform

Sandy soil is a useful habitat indicator at a project site. The species is fossorial, so soil structure, surface cover and the condition of the ground layer may be more relevant than canopy cover alone.

Inspect woodland edges, lightly disturbed woodland and ground around access tracks where suitable habitat continues into the work area.

Habitat: Site condition

A recorded habitat site was grazed and was about 100 m from an access track. This indicates that some modified woodland may still warrant inspection where suitable soil and ground cover remain.

Do not dismiss habitat because it is grazed or close to existing infrastructure. Assess the whole habitat mosaic and the extent of proposed soil disturbance.

  • Map native woodland patches before clearing.
  • Mark habitat to be retained and prevent unnecessary vehicle movement through it.
  • Keep clearing limits and soil disturbance to the minimum required.

Foraging habitat: Ground layer to inspect

The diet and precise foraging requirements of Hobson's Fine-line Slider are not established. As a small fossorial skink, it should be managed as a ground-dwelling reptile that may forage within soil, litter and low ground cover.

Inspect areas with native grasses, leaf litter, loose surface material and low shrubs. Pay particular attention to sandy woodland ground where the surface remains relatively intact.

Before moving logs, debris or other cover, have a fauna spotter catcher check the material and surrounding ground.

Foraging habitat: Likely foraging conditions

Avoid assuming that open ground is unsuitable. A sparse ground layer may still provide foraging and shelter opportunities if soil and surface cover remain available.

Retain patches of native ground cover and avoid unnecessary grading, scalping, compaction and storage of spoil over suitable habitat.

Foraging habitat: Clearing controls

Use progressive clearing and work from the retained habitat towards the approved clearance area. This gives mobile fauna an opportunity to move away from machinery and allows animals to be detected.

Inspect the clearance footprint, stockpiles, trenches and disturbed soil each day while fauna risk remains.

  • Use existing tracks where practicable.
  • Keep machinery within approved work areas.
  • Salvage suitable logs and other habitat resources where this can be done safely.
  • Rehabilitate disturbed ground progressively with locally appropriate native vegetation.

Breeding habitat: Breeding place precautions

Specific breeding places, breeding timing and reproductive details for this species are not established. Any suitable woodland ground habitat should therefore be treated cautiously during clearing, excavation and soil handling.

Do not disturb suspected breeding habitat without first confirming the required approvals and controls. For Queensland near threatened animals, tampering with a breeding place requires a species management program.

A fauna spotter catcher should inspect ground cover, logs, surface debris, excavations and other features that could shelter reptiles before they are removed or disturbed.

Breeding habitat: Timing and work planning

A reliable breeding season has not been established for this species. Avoid relying on a seasonal timing window to remove the risk.

Schedule clearing outside periods of heavy rain or other conditions that make detection and safe fauna handling difficult, where practicable.

Breeding habitat: If an animal is found

Stop work in the immediate area and protect the animal from machinery, vehicles and heat exposure. Obtain an identification and follow the project's approved fauna handling and relocation procedure.

Record the find and inspect nearby habitat for additional animals before work resumes.

  • Do not collect or relocate animals unless authorised and trained to do so.
  • Do not leave open trenches or excavations unattended without fauna controls.
  • Maintain a clear record of breeding-place observations and any management actions.

Sheltering habitat: Features to retain

Hobson's Fine-line Slider is fossorial and is likely to use ground-level cover and soil features for shelter. Specific shelter sites have not been established, so retain a range of natural cover features within suitable woodland.

Inspect sandy soil, leaf litter, grass tussocks, fallen timber, loose bark and low vegetation. These features can conceal small ground-dwelling reptiles during clearing.

Move cover slowly and inspect both the item and the ground beneath it before removal.

Sheltering habitat: Excavations and stockpiles

Open trenches, pits, spoil piles and stored materials can attract or trap small reptiles. Keep excavations as short-lived as practicable and inspect them before commencing work each day.

Use ramps, escape points or other approved fauna controls where required by the project.

Sheltering habitat: Shelter management

Retain logs, litter and native ground cover in areas excluded from clearing. Where habitat resources must be removed, salvage and place them in nearby retained habitat under ecological supervision.

Prevent unnecessary compaction and repeated vehicle movements across sandy woodland ground.

  • Delineate no-go areas before works begin.
  • Keep cleared materials from being pushed into retained habitat.
  • Check temporary fencing and fauna controls regularly.
  • Release handled animals into suitable nearby habitat approved under the project procedure.

Threats: Vegetation clearing

The species is near threatened in Queensland, and works can increase risk through habitat loss, ground disturbance and direct mortality. Controls should be scaled to the habitat present and the amount of clearing or excavation proposed.

Removal of open woodland and sparse low woodland can reduce available habitat. Broad or poorly defined clearing limits also remove ground cover and shelter features beyond the area needed for construction.

Use a Permit to Disturb process, clearly mark approved limits and clear progressively.

  • Retain native woodland links and ground cover where practicable.
  • Use existing access tracks.
  • Slash or lop rather than remove vegetation where the design allows.
  • Keep soil disturbance to the minimum required.

Threats: Direct injury and mortality

Animals may be injured by earthmoving equipment, vehicles, trenching, vegetation removal and handling of logs or debris. They may also enter open excavations or become trapped in stockpiles.

Use an appropriately qualified fauna spotter catcher during clearing and follow the project's fauna handling protocol.

  • Inspect the work area before clearing.
  • Fell vegetation towards the approved clearance zone.
  • Stop work when a potential animal or breeding place is found.
  • Provide safe fauna controls around excavations.

Threats: Soil disturbance and habitat degradation

Compaction, grading, spoil placement and repeated traffic can reduce the value of sandy woodland ground. Grazing and invasive plants may further alter the ground layer and shelter available at a site.

Keep traffic within designated areas and rehabilitate disturbed land progressively.

  • Avoid unnecessary grading and soil removal.
  • Prevent spoil and waste from covering retained habitat.
  • Control weeds in accordance with the project environmental plan.
  • Retain and reuse suitable habitat resources where safe.

Threats: Planning and compliance

The Queensland near threatened listing requires a precautionary approach. A project should confirm approval requirements before clearing or disturbing potential habitat or a suspected breeding place.

Use a suitably qualified ecologist to prepare the clearing management program and update controls if the species is detected.

  • Review current Queensland listing and permit requirements.
  • Document searches, detections, handling and releases.
  • Report significant records through the appropriate project and government channels.
  • Do not resume work in a restricted area until the fauna spotter catcher or ecologist clears it.

Survey methodology: 1. Desktop assessment

Hobson's fine-line slider is a small, fossorial skink associated with open woodland. It is poorly known, so use a combination of trapping and active searches, and adjust effort to the habitat and project risk.

Map open woodland, sparse woodland on sandy soils, ground cover and areas with loose soil, leaf litter, fallen timber and access tracks. The species has been recorded in low dry woodland associated with regional ecosystem 2.5.1b.

Check WildNet records, previous ecological reports, vegetation mapping, recent fire history, clearing plans and proposed access routes. Treat mapped absence as inconclusive, particularly where survey coverage is limited.

  • Identify habitat that will be cleared, indirectly disturbed or isolated by construction.
  • Map adjoining retained habitat and potential movement routes between habitat patches.
  • Confirm the current Queensland conservation category and whether the project may affect matters protected under the EPBC Act.

Survey methodology: 2. Trapping and active searches

Use pitfall traps with drift fencing, funnel traps and Elliott traps where conditions and approvals allow. Combine trapping with systematic searches under suitable ground cover, around fallen timber and through leaf litter and loose surface soil.

A Queensland fauna survey recorded the species using a systematic site with 20 Elliott traps, 4 pitfall traps and 6 funnel traps operated for 4 days and nights. Use this as a documented example of effort, not as a universal minimum.

Include spotlighting or incidental searches where appropriate, although these methods are unlikely to replace ground-based searches for a fossorial skink.

  • Place traps along habitat edges, beneath or beside ground cover and across likely travel lines.
  • Check traps at the required frequency, protect them from exposure, and provide suitable shelter and moisture.
  • Stop trapping during unsafe heat, flooding, fire weather or other conditions that could harm captured animals.
  • Use suitably qualified personnel and follow animal ethics, wildlife permit and project approval conditions.

Survey methodology: 3. Timing and conditions

Plan surveys when reptiles are likely to be active, with warm conditions and manageable ground conditions. Avoid relying on a single visit because detection can vary with temperature, rainfall, soil condition and recent disturbance.

The breeding season and seasonal movement patterns of this species are not well established. Use repeat surveys across suitable seasonal conditions where the project could remove or disturb habitat or a potential breeding place.

  • Survey before clearing and early enough to allow avoidance or changes to the work plan.
  • Record temperature, rainfall, wind, cloud cover, recent fire and ground conditions for each survey.
  • Repeat surveys when initial conditions are poor or when habitat remains uncleared after a prolonged gap.
  • Coordinate survey timing with the approved survey design and any regulator requirements.

Survey methodology: 4. Records and identification

Record every capture, observation and sign, including negative results and trap effort. Photograph animals where this can be done safely and without prolonged handling.

Confirm identification with an experienced herpetologist when needed. Retain voucher information only where authorised and where it will not compromise the animal's welfare.

  • Record date, time, GPS location, habitat, vegetation type, soil, ground cover, weather and survey method.
  • Record trap type, trap nights, search time, personnel, equipment failures and animals found dead or missing.
  • Record sex, life stage, condition, photographs and any marks used to identify a recaptured animal.
  • Submit verified records to the relevant Queensland biodiversity database or project register.

Before habitat disturbance: 1. Avoidance and approvals

Plan the work around avoidance first. Confirm approvals before people, machinery or salvage crews enter habitat, and treat any suspected breeding place as a stop and seek advice matter.

Retain occupied habitat, open woodland on sandy soils and connected ground cover wherever practicable. Keep clearing to the approved footprint and use existing tracks and previously disturbed areas where possible.

Hobson's fine-line slider is near threatened in Queensland. Confirm the current Nature Conservation Act 1992 requirements, fauna permits and any development conditions before work starts.

The species is not listed under the EPBC Act in the current profile. Complete an EPBC Act matters assessment for the whole project, and make a referral if another protected matter or a material impact threshold may apply.

  • Obtain all required Queensland wildlife, clearing and environmental authority approvals.
  • Prepare a species response procedure within the Clearing Management Program.
  • Confirm whether a Queensland species management program is required before tampering with a suspected breeding place.
  • Keep approval conditions, maps, contacts and stop-work instructions at the site office and in clearing vehicles.

Before habitat disturbance: 2. Pre-clearance survey and marking

Complete a targeted pre-clearance survey in all suitable habitat, including the clearing footprint, stockpile areas, laydown areas, access routes and infrastructure corridors. Search beneath removable ground cover and around logs without destroying shelter.

Mark retained habitat, exclusion areas and no-go zones before machinery arrives. Use a fauna spotter catcher to check the work area immediately before clearing.

  • Walk the footprint and inspect ground cover, loose soil, leaf litter, fallen timber and disturbed edges.
  • Use trapping where the risk assessment indicates that visual searches alone may miss fossorial skinks.
  • Flag habitat to be retained and protect it from vehicle movements, spoil, runoff, fire and accidental storage.
  • Record all captures and observations, and brief the supervisor before the next work stage.

Before habitat disturbance: 3. Timing, buffers and exclusion

There is no established breeding calendar, migration calendar or species-specific buffer for this skink. Set exclusion distances through the project risk assessment and approval conditions, using a conservative approach around an animal, suspected shelter or breeding place until an ecologist or regulator confirms the response.

Avoid clearing during conditions that reduce detection or increase harm, such as extreme heat, flooding, heavy rain or strong winds. Do not assume that seasonal inactivity means the habitat is unoccupied.

  • Use physical fencing, bunting and clear signs around retained habitat and any approved exclusion area.
  • Keep spoil, mulch, machinery and vehicles outside exclusion zones.
  • Inspect exclusion fencing after storms, vehicle movements and site changes.
  • Review buffers if an animal, a sheltering concentration or a breeding place is found.

Before habitat disturbance: 4. Crew induction

Give all workers a short site induction before clearing. Show photographs where available and explain that the species may be beneath ground cover or in loose soil.

Make the spotter catcher's stop-work authority clear to the supervisor, operators and subcontractors.

  • Tell workers not to handle, chase, injure, collect or move the species.
  • Tell workers to stop and call the fauna spotter catcher when an animal, shelter or suspected breeding place is found.
  • Explain the injured-animal pathway, emergency contacts, hygiene controls and required records.
  • Include restrictions on pets, smoking, fires, chemicals, waste and vehicle access near retained habitat.

During habitat disturbance: 1. Sequential clearing

Clear progressively and give the fauna spotter catcher direct authority to pause work. Hobson's fine-line slider may be hidden in soil or ground cover, so slow, controlled clearing reduces the chance of missed animals and injury.

Clear in stages from the edge of the footprint towards retained habitat, allowing animals that can move safely to leave the work area. Use a slow operating speed and stop for inspection before each new section.

Retain logs and other suitable habitat resources where the approved plan allows. Minimise soil disturbance and avoid unnecessary grading or compaction.

  • Delineate the day's clearing area before machinery starts.
  • Inspect the section and its ground cover before, during and after clearing.
  • Fell vegetation towards the already cleared area where safe and practicable.
  • Use existing tracks, slash rather than remove trees where practicable, and progressively rehabilitate completed areas.

During habitat disturbance: 2. Spotter catcher control and handling

The fauna spotter catcher must be suitably qualified, authorised under the relevant permits and able to stop work immediately. Only authorised fauna personnel may handle or relocate an animal.

Use the least disruptive method that protects the animal. Avoid prolonged restraint, exposure, repeated capture and unnecessary transport.

  • Stop machinery when the animal is sighted or suspected to be within the active work area.
  • Keep people and equipment back while the fauna spotter catcher assesses the animal and its habitat.
  • Place the animal in a secure, ventilated container with appropriate shelter and temperature control if temporary containment is authorised.
  • Release or relocate it only at an approved nearby location with suitable habitat and in accordance with the permit and project procedure.
  • Never move an animal across roads, into unsuitable habitat or outside the approved relocation area.

During habitat disturbance: 3. Breeding places and concentrations

The breeding place requirements of this species are poorly known. If an active breeding place, eggs, young, a shelter used for breeding, or an unusual concentration of animals is found, stop work in the immediate area.

Do not disturb, excavate, fill, seal or move the place until the fauna spotter catcher and project ecologist assess it and the required Queensland approval or species management program is confirmed.

  • Establish a temporary exclusion zone and prevent entry by people, vehicles and machinery.
  • Photograph and map the place without touching it or exposing animals.
  • Notify the environmental manager and obtain regulator advice where required.
  • Change the work method, timing or footprint to avoid the place wherever practicable.
  • Document the decision and approval before work resumes.

During habitat disturbance: 4. Injured animals and records

Treat injured animals as an incident. Keep them quiet, secure and at a stable temperature, and arrange assessment by a suitably qualified wildlife rehabilitator or veterinarian.

Record the outcome of every encounter, including animals that escape, are found dead or are not identified in the field.

  • Stop work around the animal and move hazards away if this can be done safely.
  • Do not feed or give water unless directed by a veterinarian or authorised rehabilitator.
  • Record the location, time, apparent cause, condition, photographs, handler, container, treatment and final outcome.
  • Report injuries, deaths, unauthorised handling and suspected permit breaches under the project's incident process.
  • Notify the supervisor before the area is released back to construction.

After habitat disturbance: 1. Post-clearance checks

Close out each work area with a fauna check and a clear record of what happened. Use findings to refine the next clearing stage and to confirm that relocated animals and retained habitat remain safe.

Inspect the completed area after machinery has left and before it is handed over. Search soil piles, disturbed ground, retained logs, drains, trenches and other places where an animal may be trapped or exposed.

Check adjoining retained habitat for damaged exclusion fencing, soil movement, sediment, weeds and unauthorised access.

  • Remove or make safe open trenches, pits and pipes that could trap skinks.
  • Check stockpiles and stored materials before they are moved.
  • Search areas where clearing pushed ground cover or soil into piles.
  • Record the date, personnel, methods, findings and any follow-up action.

After habitat disturbance: 2. Relocated animals

Check the approved relocation register and confirm where each animal was released. Use habitat that matches the capture location, such as connected open woodland with suitable ground cover and soil.

Do not repeatedly recapture or relocate animals unless required for safety or by the approved procedure.

  • Record release location, date, time, habitat condition and weather.
  • Check that release sites are outside active construction areas and protected from immediate recapture.
  • Report animals that cannot be released, die in care or show signs of injury.
  • Use individual marks or photographs only when authorised and suitable for this species.

After habitat disturbance: 3. Monitoring and reporting

Scale monitoring to the risk, the amount of habitat removed and the Queensland approval conditions. A near threatened species warrants follow-up where occupied habitat is cleared, retained habitat is fragmented or repeated incidents occur.

Use the same methods and locations where possible so results can be compared between clearing stages.

  • Report captures, deaths, breeding-place findings, relocations, clearance areas and rehabilitation actions to the environmental manager.
  • Update the project map and risk register after each clearing stage.
  • Undertake repeat searches or trapping in retained habitat where the ecologist considers detection or construction risk remains high.
  • Submit significant records to the relevant Queensland database and regulators where required.

After habitat disturbance: 4. Incident review

Review every unexpected death, injury, escape, breeding-place discovery or breach before the next clearing stage. Include the operator, spotter catcher, supervisor and ecologist in the review.

Use the review to improve sequencing, exclusion controls, induction content and survey coverage.

  • Identify the immediate and underlying cause.
  • Check whether the approved method was followed and whether conditions changed.
  • Increase supervision or alter the work method where controls were ineffective.
  • Record corrective actions, responsible people and completion dates.
  • Suspend the next stage if the review identifies an unresolved risk or approval issue.

Rehabilitation actions: 1. Restore habitat structure

Rehabilitation should restore connected ground habitat rather than only replacing trees. The species is associated with open woodland and is fossorial, so soil condition, ground cover and shelter are central to recovery.

Replace topsoil and ground cover in a way that retains natural soil profiles and avoids excessive compaction. Re-establish open woodland structure where it matches the approved reference community.

Retain or return suitable logs, woody debris, leaf litter and rocks where these resources occur naturally and do not create a safety or fire hazard.

  • Rip or loosen compacted soil only where appropriate for the reference habitat and erosion plan.
  • Use local seed and plant material where practicable.
  • Maintain a mosaic of open ground, native ground cover, shrubs and retained shelter.
  • Keep rehabilitation connected to adjoining retained habitat.
  • Protect revegetated areas from vehicles, grazing, fire and unauthorised storage.

Rehabilitation actions: 2. Breeding and shelter features

Specific breeding places and artificial breeding structures for Hobson's fine-line slider are not established. Do not install nest boxes, bat boxes, artificial nest sites or roost structures as a substitute for restoring suitable soil and ground habitat.

If monitoring identifies a recurring shelter or breeding feature, retain it and seek advice from a qualified ecologist before designing any replacement.

  • Prioritise natural soil, leaf litter, fallen timber and connected ground cover.
  • Do not bury, seal or remove suspected breeding places without assessment and approval.
  • Use replacement habitat features only where they are supported by site evidence and an approved rehabilitation design.
  • Inspect any trial feature for occupancy, damage and unintended risks.

Rehabilitation actions: 3. Weeds, water and lighting

Control weeds that alter ground cover, soil condition or woodland structure. Keep weed treatment targeted and prevent chemicals from entering retained habitat or shelter features.

This is a terrestrial skink, so provide natural drainage and soil moisture patterns rather than artificial ponds. Avoid waterlogging, erosion and concentrated runoff in rehabilitated habitat.

  • Remove invasive plants before they seed and follow the approved weed management plan.
  • Use low-impact treatment near logs, leaf litter and known animal locations.
  • Repair erosion and sediment controls after rainfall and construction changes.
  • Use shielded, low-spill lighting and switch off unnecessary lights near retained and rehabilitated habitat.
  • Keep lighting, noise and night traffic within the approved construction footprint.

Rehabilitation actions: 4. Long-term monitoring

Monitor rehabilitation for establishment of ground cover, soil stability, shelter resources, weeds, unauthorised access and evidence of skinks. Because the species can be difficult to detect, use repeat searches and trapping where approved rather than relying on casual observations.

Compare results with nearby retained habitat and use the findings to adjust maintenance.

  • Set monitoring points in rehabilitated areas and adjoining reference habitat.
  • Record search effort, trap effort, weather, habitat condition, captures and incidental observations.
  • Inspect after major rainfall, fire, construction changes and weed treatment.
  • Repair failed rehabilitation areas and replace lost shelter resources where appropriate.
  • Continue monitoring for the period required by approvals and the rehabilitation plan.

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