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Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) (Carcharias taurus (east coast population))

The Grey Nurse Shark is a large shark found along the east coast of Australia, from southern Queensland through New South Wales, with records as far south as the NSW-Victoria border. It uses coastal and continental shelf waters, particularly rocky reefs and islands and nearby gutters and caves.

Conservation status

Commonwealth, EPBC Act 1999: Critically endangered.

Seasonal planning

Moves north during autumn and winter (March to August) and south during spring and summer (September to February).

Seasonal evidence: From published sources for this species.

Timing varies between sites and years.

  • Seasonal migration: Moves north during autumn and winter (March to August) and south during spring and summer (September to February).

Identification: Appearance

A large-bodied shark, it can grow to about 3 metres in length.

A large-bodied shark, it can grow to about 3 metres in length.

Identification: Confirming identity

Confirm the identity of any suspected record with a specialist and a photograph or voucher, as required by the relevant permit.

Distribution: Known range

The east coast population ranges from the Capricornia coast in central Queensland to Narooma in southern New South Wales, with records further north and south, including as far as the NSW-Victoria border. It moves north and south along the east coast within a limited range.

The east coast population ranges from the Capricornia coast in central Queensland to Narooma in southern New South Wales, with records further north and south, including as far as the NSW-Victoria border. It moves north and south along the east coast within a limited range.

Distribution: National mapping

The Commonwealth species distribution model (SNES) maps where the species or its habitat is known, likely or may occur. Use it with local records and site inspection.

Habitat: Habitat

It occurs in coastal and continental shelf waters around rocky reefs and islands, and is also found in the surf zone and shallow bays. It is most commonly recorded at depths of 15 to 40 metres, though it can occur much deeper.

It occurs in coastal and continental shelf waters around rocky reefs and islands, and is also found in the surf zone and shallow bays. It is most commonly recorded at depths of 15 to 40 metres, though it can occur much deeper.

Foraging habitat: Diet

Not documented in the published sources used for this profile.

Not documented in the published sources used for this profile.

Breeding habitat: Breeding

Seasonal movements and aggregations are associated with reproductive events. Wolf Rock in Queensland is a known gestation site.

Seasonal movements and aggregations are associated with reproductive events. Wolf Rock in Queensland is a known gestation site.

Sheltering habitat: Shelter

It gathers in gutters and caves near rocky reefs and islands, and favours sandy-bottomed gutters and rocky caves near inshore reefs.

It gathers in gutters and caves near rocky reefs and islands, and favours sandy-bottomed gutters and rocky caves near inshore reefs.

Threats: Threats

Fishing and shark control programs have contributed to a severe reduction in the east coast population.

Fishing and shark control programs have contributed to a severe reduction in the east coast population.

Survey methodology: 1. Species-specific methods

Use methods consistent with the Commonwealth survey guidelines and engage a specialist with the right permits.

Population estimates have used photo-identification. This approach may be biased by site fidelity if the full population is not sampled.

Survey methodology: 2. Commonwealth guidance

For EPBC Act referrals, survey effort and methods should be consistent with the survey guidelines for Australia's threatened fish, read with the Significant impact guidelines 1.1.

Survey methodology: 3. Limits

A non-detection is not proof of absence. Match survey timing to the species and season, and record effort.

Vegetation associations

Source-checked associations and automatically indexed candidates are separated below. An association does not establish site presence, preference or dependence.

No species-specific vegetation association has been indexed or source-checked in this evidence library. This is an evidence gap, not evidence of no association.

Ecosystem associations

Source-checked associations and automatically indexed candidates are separated below. An association does not establish site presence, preference or dependence.

No species-specific ecosystem association has been indexed or source-checked in this evidence library. This is an evidence gap, not evidence of no association.

Soil and substrate associations

Source-checked associations and automatically indexed candidates are separated below. An association does not establish site presence, preference or dependence.

No species-specific soil association has been indexed or source-checked in this evidence library. This is an evidence gap, not evidence of no association.

Water and wetland associations

Source-checked associations and automatically indexed candidates are separated below. An association does not establish site presence, preference or dependence.

No species-specific water association has been indexed or source-checked in this evidence library. This is an evidence gap, not evidence of no association.

Fauna records and mapped habitat: Not yet analysed

Record locations can be overlaid with mapping, but record frequency alone does not measure habitat preference. No species is excluded from desktop assessments by this analysis.

No quality-controlled record-to-map analysis has been completed for this species. The existing generalised distribution dots and indicative range polygons have not been treated as precise occurrence coordinates.

A defensible run needs dated, independently attributable records, coordinate uncertainty, duplicate and captive-record checks, layer versions and regional scope. Preference and absence require additional survey-effort and detection evidence.

Habitat limitations and contrary evidence: No supported exclusion recorded

Not recorded is not the same as cannot occur. Low suitability, resident habitat, breeding habitat and occasional movement are different conclusions.

This library has not established a vegetation, ecosystem or soil-type exclusion for this species. This does not mean all habitat is suitable; the evidence needed to justify an exclusion has not been assembled.

Habitat limitations and contrary evidence: Before using a negative association

  • Confirm the taxon, geographic region, life stage and habitat function covered by the evidence.
  • Check survey methods, season, repeated effort and detectability before interpreting non-detection.
  • Investigate credible contradictory records and microhabitats absent from broad mapping.
  • Do not convert a missing map class, low record count or failed data request into species absence.

Before disturbance: 1. Desktop and approvals

Confirm whether the project could affect the species before works begin.

Check national mapping, state records and recent surveys for the site. An action likely to have a significant impact on this nationally listed species needs EPBC Act referral, and state permits apply where it is state listed.

Before disturbance: 2. Plan to avoid

Plan in-water works, vessel movements and lighting to avoid known habitat and sensitive periods, and set observer and shutdown procedures before works start.

During disturbance: 1. Controls

Keep works inside the approved footprint and conditions.

Use spotters and exclusion zones for in-water works and vessels, and pause works if the species is seen within the zone.

During disturbance: 2. Stop and report

If the species is found unexpectedly, stop work at that spot and contact the project ecologist and the relevant agency.

After disturbance: 1. Records

Record outcomes.

Record sightings, habitat lost or retained and any injury or death, and report them under the approval conditions.

Rehabilitation: 1. Restore

Restore disturbed habitat where possible.

Remove temporary structures, restore natural flow and substrate, and monitor water quality until it returns to baseline.

Sources